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Acquired aplastic anaemia after SARS-CoV-2 infection in China: a case report
Xiyan Wu1, Yi Mo2, Kailiang Wen3
1Center for Reproductive Medicine, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, China.
Insights
Aplastic anemia (AA) cases were observed following COVID-19 infection in China. While AA detection rates increased post-outbreak, only leukaemia rates showed statistical significance.
Area of Science:
- Hematology
- Infectious Diseases
- Epidemiology
Background:
- The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been associated with various hematological conditions, including aplastic anemia (AA).
- Previous reports globally have indicated potential links between COVID-19 infection or vaccination and the onset of AA.
- Understanding the incidence of AA in relation to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is crucial for public health.
Observation:
- A case of new-onset aplastic anemia (AA) presumably linked to a preceding SARS-CoV-2 infection is presented from Changsha, China.
- An epidemiological assessment of blood system diseases was conducted over a 11-month period (July 2022 - May 2023).
- Data was collected from the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University and Hunan Children's Hospital.
Findings:
- The detection rates of both aplastic anemia (AA) and leukaemia were elevated in the initial two months following the epidemic outbreak compared to pre-outbreak and during-outbreak periods.
- However, only the increase in the detection rate of leukaemia reached statistical significance.
- The observed trend suggests a potential, though not statistically confirmed, rise in AA incidence post-outbreak.
Implications:
- This study highlights the need for continued monitoring of hematological disorders, particularly aplastic anemia, in the context of COVID-19.
- Further research is warranted to establish a definitive causal link between SARS-CoV-2 infection and aplastic anemia.
- The findings underscore the importance of epidemiological surveillance for blood diseases following infectious disease outbreaks.
Abstract:
Since the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic began, several research groups in different countries have described cases of aplastic anaemia (AA) after COVID-19 or COVID-19 vaccination. Here, we present the case of a patient with new-onset AA in Changsha, China, that was presumably associated with preceding severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. We conducted an epidemiological assessment of the incidence rate of blood system diseases from July 1, 2022, to May 31, 2023, in the haematology department of the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University and Hunan Children's Hospital. The detection rates of AA and leukaemia in the first two months after the epidemic outbreak were higher than those before and during the outbreak. However, only the difference in the detection rate of leukaemia was statistically significant.
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