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Bone marrow stem cell-derived β-cells: New issue for diabetes cell therapy
Hadeer A Aglan1, Soheir E Kotob2, Nadia S Mahmoud1
1Hormones Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt; Stem Cell Lab., Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
Tissue & Cell
|November 29, 2023
Summary
Bone marrow-mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) can be differentiated into insulin-producing cells (IPCs) to treat hyperglycemia. This cell therapy shows promise for developing a new cure for diabetes mellitus (DM).
Area of Science:
- Stem Cell Biology
- Endocrinology
- Regenerative Medicine
Background:
- Hyperglycemia, a hallmark of diabetes mellitus (DM), necessitates novel therapeutic strategies.
- Bone marrow-mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) offer potential for differentiation into various cell types.
- Generating functional insulin-producing cells (IPCs) from stem cells is a key goal in DM research.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the efficacy of insulin-producing cells (IPCs) derived from bone marrow-mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) in ameliorating experimentally induced hyperglycemia in rats.
- To identify the optimal differentiation protocol for generating functional IPCs from BM-MSCs.
- To assess the therapeutic potential of transplanted IPCs in a diabetic rat model.
Main Methods:
- Bone marrow-mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) were differentiated into insulin-producing cells (IPCs) using three distinct protocols.
- In vitro assessment involved gene expression analysis (Foxa-2, PDX-1, Ngn-3) and insulin release assays.
- In vivo study involved transplantation of the most functional IPCs into diabetic Wistar rats, followed by biochemical, molecular, and histological analyses.
Main Results:
- Differentiation protocol 3 yielded the most functional IPCs, evidenced by significant upregulation of specific gene markers (Foxa-2, PDX-1, Ngn-3) and robust insulin secretion.
- Transplantation of these IPCs into diabetic rats significantly reduced serum glucose, visfatin, and pancreatic glucagon levels.
- IPCs transplantation also led to increased serum insulin and C-peptide levels, alongside enhanced expression of pancreatic genes (Foxa-2, Sox-17, IGF-1, FGF-10) and improved pancreatic histology.
Conclusions:
- Bone marrow-mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) can be effectively differentiated into functional insulin-producing cells (IPCs) using a specific protocol (protocol 3).
- Cell therapy using these derived IPCs demonstrates significant potential in managing hyperglycemia and restoring metabolic balance in a diabetic rat model.
- This approach holds promise for developing a novel cell-based therapeutic strategy for diabetes mellitus (DM).
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