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Implicit beliefs and automatic associations in smoking.

Helen Tibboel1, Bram Van Bockstaele2, Adriaan Spruyt3

  • 1Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands.

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|November 29, 2023
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Summary

This study investigated alternative implicit measures for smoking, finding limited evidence for the affect misattribution procedure (AMP) and relational responding task (RRT) in predicting smoking behavior. Further research is needed to assess their sensitivity to motivational contexts.

Keywords:
AddictionDual-process modelsImplicit beliefsImplicit measuresSmoking

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Addiction Science
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Dual process models posit that controlled processes inhibit drug use, while impulsive processes drive it.
  • The implicit association test (IAT) has shown inconsistent results in measuring automatic smoking-related processes.
  • This study explores the validity of two alternative implicit measures: the affect misattribution procedure (AMP) and the relational responding task (RRT).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the validity of the AMP and RRT as measures of automatic evaluations and implicit beliefs related to smoking.
  • To compare the performance of smokers and non-smokers on these implicit measures.
  • To investigate the influence of smoking deprivation on implicit smoking-related processes.

Main Methods:

  • Smokers and non-smokers completed smoking-related versions of the AMP and RRT.
  • Smokers underwent testing both after smoking and after 10 hours of deprivation.
  • Participants also completed smoking dependence questionnaires and a smoking diary.

Main Results:

  • Significant differences were found between smokers and non-smokers on both the RRT and AMP.
  • Smoking dependence predicted subsequent smoking behavior, but the AMP and RRT did not explain additional variance.
  • Neither the AMP nor the RRT were significantly affected by the smoking deprivation manipulation.

Conclusions:

  • Limited evidence supports the validity of the smoking-specific AMP and RRT.
  • The findings underscore the need for critical evaluation of implicit measures in addiction research.
  • Future research should investigate the sensitivity of implicit measures to motivational contexts.