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Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply01:24

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl hydroxylase and factor...
Hematopoiesis01:21

Hematopoiesis

The process of blood cell formation is called hematopoiesis. Hematopoiesis starts early during development, on the seventh day of embryogenesis. This phase of hematopoiesis is called the primitive wave, wherein the extraembryonic yolk sac allows the production of erythroid cells and endothelial cells from a common precursor called hemangioblast. The erythroid cells provide oxygen to support the growth of the rapidly dividing embryo. Hemangioblasts later develop into hematopoietic stem cells or...
Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:19

Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...
Lineage Commitment01:21

Lineage Commitment

Commitment is the  process whereby stem cells:
Differentiation of Common Myeloid Progenitor Cells01:15

Differentiation of Common Myeloid Progenitor Cells

Common myeloid progenitors (CMPs) are oligopotent cells that can differentiate into granulocytes and macrophages. Granulocytes and macrophages are essential for protecting the body against bacterial, viral, or fungal infections. They migrate from the bone marrow into the circulating blood to reach specific tissue sites where they differentiate and help in immune surveillance. However, they survive only for a few days and must be continuously made available to the organism to maintain a robust...
Production of Formed Elements01:34

Production of Formed Elements

Hemangioblasts are multipotent stem cells originating from the mesoderm. They give rise to hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which undergo hematopoiesis to produce all the formed elements of blood. This process is regulated by a complex network of hematopoietic growth factors, including transcription factors, growth factors, and cytokines. These factors stimulate the HSCs to divide and differentiate, though some HSCs remain undifferentiated to maintain a self-renewing pool.
Most HSCs commit to...

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Phenotypic and Functional Characterization of Endothelial Colony Forming Cells Derived from Human Umbilical Cord Blood
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Endothelial Progenitor Cells: A Brief Update.

Amna Rashid Tariq1, Mijung Lee1, Manho Kim1,2,3

  • 1Department of Neurology, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.

International Journal of Stem Cells
|November 29, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are crucial for neovasculogenesis and cardiovascular health. This review details methods for expanding EPCs for therapeutic applications, including isolation, differentiation, and cryopreservation.

Keywords:
CD34Cell culture techniquesEndothelial progenitor cellsIntercellular signaling peptides and proteins

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Cardiovascular Research

Background:

  • Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) play a vital role in neovasculogenesis and are implicated in cardiovascular risk, including Alzheimer disease.
  • Therapeutic applications of EPCs necessitate efficient methods for their identification, isolation, differentiation, and expansion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and identify the most plausible and rapid techniques for expanding endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) for therapeutic use.
  • To discuss methods for EPC isolation, in vitro expansion, differentiation, cryopreservation, and transplantation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current and previous reports on EPC isolation techniques from bone marrow and peripheral blood.
  • Analysis of methods involving fibronectin plating and growth factor supplementation for EPC culture.
  • Examination of strategies to enhance EPC differentiation using growth factors and endothelial nitric oxide synthase.

Main Results:

  • EPCs can be isolated using fibronectin plating and enhanced with growth factors.
  • Growth factors and endothelial nitric oxide synthase can promote EPC differentiation.
  • EPC transplantation has shown potential in improving neurogenesis in models of ischemic stroke and acute cerebral infarct.

Conclusions:

  • Efficient in vitro expansion of EPCs is critical for their therapeutic and transplantation applications.
  • Optimizing EPC expansion techniques offers a promising route for clinical applications in cardiovascular and neurological conditions.
  • Further research is needed to refine EPC expansion and transplantation protocols and identify key biomarkers.