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Analysis of miRNA expression in the trachea of Ri chicken infected with the highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1

Suyeon Kang1, Thi Hao Vu1, Jubi Heo1

  • 1Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea.

Journal of Veterinary Science
|November 30, 2023
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) poses a global threat. This study reveals microRNA (miRNA) expression patterns in H5N1-infected chickens, identifying key miRNAs and pathways involved in immune response for disease resistance.

Area of Science:

  • * Avian virology and immunology
  • * Molecular biology and genetics

Background:

  • * Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) presents a significant global threat to human health and the poultry industry.
  • * MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a crucial role in modulating immune responses by regulating gene expression in HPAIV-infected chickens.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To investigate the role of miRNAs in the immune response against H5N1 infection in chickens.
  • * To identify potential strategies for breeding chickens resistant to H5N1.
  • * To characterize miRNA expression patterns in the tracheal tissues of H5N1-infected Ri chickens.

Main Methods:

  • * Small RNA sequencing was employed to analyze miRNA expression in two H5N1-infected Ri chicken lines.
  • * Target genes of differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs were predicted using miRDB, followed by Gene Ontology and KEGG pathway analyses.
  • * Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to validate the expression of selected DE miRNAs and their immune-related target genes.

Main Results:

  • * A total of 53 miRNAs exhibited significant differential expression between resistant and susceptible chicken lines upon H5N1 infection.
  • * Network analyses indicated that DE miRNAs likely regulate target genes within the transforming growth factor-beta, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and Toll-like receptor signaling pathways.
  • * These pathways are critically involved in the progression of influenza A virus infections.

Conclusions:

  • * The study provides novel insights into miRNA expression profiles in the tracheal tissues of H5N1-infected Ri chickens.
  • * Findings elucidate the intricate relationship between miRNAs and immune-related target genes during HPAIV infection.
  • * This research contributes to understanding the role of miRNAs in chicken immunity against HPAIV, informing disease resistance strategies.
Keywords:
Influenza A virushigh-throughput rna sequencingimmunitynetwork analysissignal transduction

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