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Reliability of Open Public Electric Vehicle Direct Current Fast Chargers.

David Rempel1, Carleen Cullen1, Mary Matteson Bryan1

  • 1University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.

Human Factors
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PubMed
Summary

Public electric vehicle (EV) direct current fast chargers (DCFC) in San Francisco show low functionality, with only 73.3% working. This highlights the need for improved EV charging infrastructure reliability and maintenance for wider EV adoption.

Keywords:
electric vehicle charging infrastructurerenewable energyzero emission vehicles

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Area of Science:

  • Transportation Engineering
  • Electrical Engineering
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • A reliable and user-friendly electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure is crucial for consumer confidence and widespread EV adoption.
  • The transition to EVs necessitates robust public charging solutions to support consumer needs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically assess the usability and functionality of all public direct current fast chargers (DCFC) in the San Francisco Bay Area.
  • To identify common issues affecting the performance of EV charging stations.

Main Methods:

  • Evaluated 182 public DCFC stations (655 electric vehicle service equipment (EVSE) ports) with combined charging system (CCS) connectors across nine Bay Area counties.
  • Defined a functional EVSE as one capable of initiating a charge for at least two minutes.
  • Re-tested a sample to assess consistency in functionality over time.

Main Results:

  • Only 73.3% of the 655 EVSE ports were functional.
  • Key issues included unresponsive screens, payment system failures, charge initiation problems, network errors, and broken connectors.
  • A significant portion of non-functional chargers (23.5%) were due to these technical and operational failures.

Conclusions:

  • Field test results (73.3% functionality) contrast sharply with reported uptime (95-98%) by EV service providers.
  • There is a critical need for standardized, verifiable definitions of charger uptime, downtime, and excluded time.
  • The current state of public EV DCFC infrastructure underscores the necessity for enhanced system design and maintenance to boost EV adoption.