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Related Concept Videos

Major Somatic Sensory Pathways01:28

Major Somatic Sensory Pathways

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Sensory impulses related to touch, pressure, vibration, and proprioception from various body parts, such as the limbs, trunk, neck, and posterior head, travel to the cerebral cortex through the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway. The pathway’s name derives from the two white-matter tracts that convey the impulses: the spinal cord's posterior column and the brainstem's medial lemniscus. First-order sensory neurons extend their axons into the spinal cord, forming the...
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The indirect motor or extrapyramidal pathways originate in the brainstem, the lower portion of the brain that connects it to the spinal cord. They consist of several distinct tracts, each with specialized functions. The four main tracts of the indirect motor pathways are the vestibulospinal tract, the reticulospinal tract, the tectospinal tract, and the rubrospinal tract.
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The medulla oblongata is a crucial part of the brainstem responsible for controlling various autonomic and involuntary functions. It contains several nuclei, including the olivary, cuneate, gracile, and solitary nuclei.
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Somatic spinal reflexes are rapid, involuntary muscular responses to external stimuli that involve the somatic musculature and the spinal cord.
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The brainstem, located inferior to the brain and superior to the spinal cord, serves as a bridge between the cerebrum and the spinal cord. It plays a vital role in relaying information and controlling critical life functions. It comprises three primary regions: the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata.
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Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune condition affecting neuromuscular transmission, causing generalized weakness in skeletal muscles. Initial diagnoses rely on patients' signs, symptoms, and medical history. The challenge lies in distinguishing myasthenia from other muscular dystrophies. An important diagnostic feature is the significant improvement of symptoms after administering anticholinesterase inhibitors.
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Methods for Detecting Cough and Airway Inflammation in Mice
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Sensorimotor Cough Dysfunction in Cerebellar Ataxias.

Emilie R Lowell1, James C Borders1, Sarah E Perry2,3,4

  • 1Laboratory for the Study of Upper Airway Dysfunction, Teachers College, Columbia University, 525 W 120th St, New York, NY, 10027, USA.

Cerebellum (London, England)
|November 30, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Cerebellar ataxia patients often have impaired cough function, increasing pneumonia risk. This study found reduced voluntary and reflex cough abilities, with worsening ataxia linked to poorer voluntary cough. This highlights the need for interventions to improve cough in these patients.

Keywords:
Cerebellar ataxiasCoughCough expired volumePeak expiratory flow rate

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Pulmonology
  • Speech-Language Pathology

Background:

  • Cerebellar ataxias are associated with dysphagia and aspiration pneumonia.
  • Sensorimotor cough dysfunction is linked to dysphagia and pneumonia in other neurological conditions.
  • Understanding cough function in cerebellar ataxia is crucial for managing respiratory risks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize sensorimotor cough function in individuals with cerebellar ataxia.
  • To examine the relationship between cough function and ataxia severity.
  • To identify potential risk factors for aspiration pneumonia in cerebellar ataxia.

Main Methods:

  • Thirty-seven participants with cerebellar ataxia underwent voluntary and reflex cough testing.
  • Cough function was assessed by measuring peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) and cough expired volume (CEV).
  • Ataxia severity was quantified using the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA).

Main Results:

  • Voluntary cough PEFR and CEV were reduced compared to reflex cough measures.
  • Higher variability was observed in reflex cough PEFR compared to voluntary cough PEFR.
  • Increased ataxia severity showed a small inverse relationship with voluntary cough PEFR and CEV.

Conclusions:

  • Individuals with cerebellar ataxia exhibit sensorimotor cough dysfunction.
  • Worsening ataxia symptoms may negatively impact voluntary cough function.
  • These findings underscore the importance of assessing and managing cough deficits to mitigate aspiration pneumonia risk in cerebellar ataxia.