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Pericarditis After Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation: Predictors and Outcomes
Ritu Yadav1, Danish Iltaf Satti1, Jui Malwankar1
1Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Insights
Acute pericarditis affects 3.7% of patients after atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation. Radiofrequency ablation and younger age are identified as key predictors of this complication.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Electrophysiology
- Medical Complications
Background:
- Catheter ablation is a primary treatment for atrial fibrillation (AF).
- Acute pericarditis is a common complication following AF ablation.
- Limited data exists on the incidence and predictors of post-ablation pericarditis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the incidence, characteristics, and predictors of pericarditis after AF ablation.
- To identify risk factors associated with developing pericarditis post-procedure.
Main Methods:
- Prospective enrollment in an AF ablation registry from January 2016 to March 2022.
- Diagnosis of acute pericarditis based on 2015 European Society of Cardiology guidelines.
- Analysis of clinical characteristics and ablation methods (RF vs. cryoballoon).
Main Results:
- The incidence of acute pericarditis was 3.7% (57 out of 1,540 patients).
- Radiofrequency (RF) ablation was an independent predictor (OR: 2.09), while increasing age was associated with decreased risk (OR: 0.97).
- Most cases were treated medically; 7% developed effusion with tamponade requiring pericardiocentesis.
Conclusions:
- The incidence of acute pericarditis post-AF ablation is 3.7%.
- Radiofrequency ablation and younger age are significant independent risk factors.
- Further research may inform preventative strategies for post-ablation pericarditis.
Background:
Catheter ablation is a mainstay of atrial fibrillation (AF) treatment. Acute pericarditis after ablation is 1 of the frequently observed complications. There is a significant lack of data on the incidence and predictors of postablation pericarditis.
Objectives:
This study examines the incidence, characteristics, and predictors of pericarditis after AF ablation.
Methods:
Patients undergoing AF ablation from January 1, 2016, to March 31, 2022, at Johns Hopkins were prospectively enrolled in an AF ablation registry. A clinical diagnosis of acute pericarditis was established in accordance with 2015 European Society of Cardiology guidelines by the presence of at least 2 of the following characteristics: pleuritic chest pain, friction rub, typical electrocardiographic changes, or pericardial effusion within 3 months after the ablation procedure.
Results:
Of 1,540 patients who underwent AF ablation, 57 patients (3.7%) developed acute pericarditis. Baseline clinical characteristics including age, sex, and body mass index were comparable between the pericarditis and nonpericarditis groups. The median time to symptom onset was 1 day. Electrocardiographic changes were observed in 34 (59.6%) patients, pericardial effusion developed in 7 (12%) patients, and the mean duration of medical treatment was 7 days (25th-75th percentile: 3-14 days). Most pericarditis cases were treated medically with disease-specific nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (100%) and colchicine (81%). Effusion with tamponade necessitating pericardiocentesis was observed in 4 (7%) patients. Radiofrequency (RF) ablation was performed in 869 (58.6%) patients in the nonpericarditis group and 39 (68.4%) patients with pericarditis; cryoballoon ablation was performed in 486 (32.8%) patients in the nonpericarditis group and 11 (19.3%) patients with pericarditis. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified RF ablation (OR: 2.09; 95% CI: 1.07-4.08; P = 0.03) as an independent predictor of acute pericarditis after AF ablation, whereas age per unit increase was associated with a decreased risk (OR: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.95-0.995; P = 0.02).
Conclusions:
The incidence of acute pericarditis after catheter ablation in our study population was 3.7%. RF ablation and younger age were independent risk factors for postablation acute pericarditis.
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