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Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.

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Sustainable Development

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Updated: Jul 9, 2025

Using Generative Art to Convey Past and Future Climate Transitions

Using Generative Art to Convey Past and Future Climate Transitions

Published on: March 31, 2023

Build capacity for climate action.

Sonja Klinsky¹, Ambuj Sagar²

¹Sonja Klinsky is an associate professor at the School of Sustainability, College of Global Futures, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA, and a visiting faculty at the School of Public Policy, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|November 30, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Climate action is failing to meet temperature goals and protect against impacts. Capacity building, not just finance and technology, is crucial for the systems transformations needed for effective climate action.

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Area of Science:

Climate Science
Environmental Policy
Sustainable Development

Background:

Current climate action strategies are insufficient to meet agreed-upon temperature targets.
Increasingly severe climate impacts necessitate urgent and effective global responses.
The Global Stocktake (GST) under the Paris Agreement highlights the need for fundamental 'systems transformations'.

Discussion:

While finance and technology are vital, they are insufficient alone for adequate climate action.
Capacity building is identified as the third critical means of implementation for climate strategies.
Without enhanced capacity building, achieving necessary systems transformations for climate change mitigation and adaptation is unlikely.

Key Insights:

Climate action is off-track, failing both temperature goals and impact protection.
COP28 is urged to facilitate a 'course correction' in global climate efforts.
Effective climate action requires a balanced focus on finance, technology, and crucially, capacity building.

Outlook:

Future climate strategies must prioritize strengthening capacity building globally.
Integrating capacity building is essential for enabling the systems transformations required by the Paris Agreement.
A failure to invest in capacity building will hinder progress towards equitable and effective climate solutions.