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Related Concept Videos

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons02:54

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

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Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
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Gene Duplication and Divergence02:37

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The seminal work of Ohno in 1970 popularized the idea of gene duplication and divergence. DNA sequence comparison studies reveal that a large portion of the genes in bacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes was  generated by gene duplication and divergence, indicating its critical role in evolution.
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are...
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Speciation is the evolutionary process resulting in the formation of new, distinct species—groups of reproductively isolated populations.
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Eukaryotic Evolution01:24

Eukaryotic Evolution

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The endosymbiont theory is the most widely accepted theory of eukaryotic evolution; however, its progression is still somewhat debated. According to the nucleus-first hypothesis, the ancestral prokaryote first evolved a membrane to enclose DNA and form the nucleus. Conversely, the mitochondria-first hypothesis suggests that the nucleus was formed after endosymbiosis of mitochondria.
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Gene Flow

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Gene flow is the transfer of genes among populations, resulting from either the dispersal of gametes or from the migration of individuals.
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Plant Breeding and Biotechnology

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Crop cultivation has a long history in human civilization, with records showing the cultivation of cereal plants beginning at around 8000 BC. This early plant breeding was developed primarily to provide a steady supply of food.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2025

Using Ustilago maydis as a Trojan Horse for In Situ Delivery of Maize Proteins
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Maize has an unexpected wild ancestor.

Lizzie Wade

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |November 30, 2023
    PubMed
    Summary

    Wild grass genes may have boosted its success, but the exact mechanisms remain unknown to scientists. Further research is needed to understand this genetic contribution.

    Area of Science:

    • Plant genetics
    • Evolutionary biology
    • Agronomy

    Background:

    • Investigating the genetic basis of crop domestication and improvement.
    • Understanding the role of wild relatives in enhancing cultivated species.

    Discussion:

    • Exploring the potential transfer of beneficial genes from wild grass species to cultivated crops.
    • Analyzing the unknown genetic mechanisms driving crop success.

    Key Insights:

    • Wild grass genes are hypothesized to contribute to the success of certain cultivated plants.
    • The specific pathways and functions of these genes are currently unidentified.

    Outlook:

    • Future research should focus on identifying and characterizing these genes.

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  • Elucidating the molecular mechanisms will aid in crop breeding and agricultural advancements.