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Updated: Jul 9, 2025

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Two teosintes made modern maize.

Ning Yang1,2,3, Yuebin Wang1, Xiangguo Liu4

  • 1National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.

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|November 30, 2023
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Modern maize originated from an admixture between ancient maize and Zea mays ssp. mexicana in Mexico. This admixture significantly shaped maize diversity and agronomic traits, clarifying its evolutionary history.

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Area of Science:

  • * Plant genetics and evolutionary biology.
  • * Agricultural science and crop domestication.

Background:

  • * The origin of maize (Zea mays) has been debated for a century, with existing genetic and archaeological models failing to explain all data.
  • * Recent research suggests a role for the wild relative Zea mays ssp. mexicana in maize evolution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To elucidate the origin of modern maize using population genetic analysis.
  • * To investigate the contribution of admixture to maize diversity and agronomic trait variation.

Main Methods:

  • * Population genetic analysis of maize.
  • * Analysis of admixture patterns in relation to domestication and dispersal.

Main Results:

  • * Modern maize originated from an admixture event between ancient maize and Zea mays ssp. mexicana in the highlands of Mexico.
  • * This admixture occurred approximately 4000 years after maize domestication commenced.
  • * Admixture variation is a critical factor in both individual gene diversity and the genetic basis of agronomic traits.

Conclusions:

  • * The study clarifies the complex origin of modern maize, highlighting the significance of hybridization with Zea mays ssp. mexicana.
  • * Findings prompt new inquiries into human-driven dispersal mechanisms of maize across the Americas.