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Related Experiment Videos

Polyvalent pneumococcal vaccines: a review.

K Hales, S L Barriere

    American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy
    |June 1, 1979
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Polyvalent pneumococcal vaccines offer protection against Streptococcus pneumoniae infections, particularly for high-risk groups like sickle cell patients. While effective, infants respond inconsistently, and revaccination may increase adverse reactions.

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    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Vaccinology
    • Infectious Diseases

    Background:

    • Certain populations, including infants, elderly, asplenic individuals, and those with sickle cell anemia, face heightened susceptibility to Streptococcus pneumoniae infections.
    • Pneumococcal disease poses a significant public health concern, necessitating effective preventive strategies.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the development, pharmacology, efficacy, adverse reactions, and clinical applications of polyvalent pneumococcal vaccines.
    • To outline recommendations for the use of pneumococcal vaccines based on U.S. Public Health Service and CDC guidelines.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of existing literature on polyvalent pneumococcal vaccines.
    • Analysis of vaccine effectiveness, antibody response, and adverse event profiles.

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  • Compilation of clinical usage recommendations for specific patient groups.

    • Main Results:

    • Polyvalent pneumococcal vaccine elicits a robust antibody response within two weeks, generally sustained for over 20 months.
    • Vaccine demonstrated significant reduction in pneumococcal disease incidence (76-100%) and carrier rates.
    • Inconsistent immune response observed in infants under two years; local reactions common in adults and children, increasing with revaccination.

    Conclusions:

    • Polyvalent pneumococcal vaccines are beneficial for high-risk populations such as sickle cell patients, asplenic individuals, the elderly, and those in closed communities.
    • Mass immunization is not recommended; targeted vaccination strategies are advised.
    • Further research may be needed to optimize vaccine efficacy and safety in infants.