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Bones are dynamic organs that require a rich supply of oxygen and nutrients. Around 5% to 10% of the cardiac output supplies blood to the bones. A typical long bone has three main sources: the nutrient artery, the metaphyseal and epiphyseal arteries, and the periosteal arteries.
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Bone tissue forms the internal skeleton of vertebrate animals, providing structure to the body.
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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
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The most apparent functions of the skeletal system are support, protection, and movement. However, bone tissue also performs several other critical metabolic functions. For one, the bone matrix acts as a reservoir for a number of minerals important to the functioning of the body, especially calcium and phosphorus. These minerals, present in the bone tissue, can be released back into the bloodstream when required. Calcium ions, for example, are essential for muscle contractions and controlling...
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Hematopoiesis, or blood cell production, is a vital biological process that begins early in embryonic development and continues throughout life. This process generates the various types of cells found in blood, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs).
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The growth and maintenance of bone are regulated by a combination of nutritional factors, including vitamins, such as vitamin A, B12, C, D, and K.
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Type H vessels: functions in bone development and diseases.

Xiaonan Liu1,2, Peilin Zhang1, Yuan Gu1

  • 1Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
|November 30, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Type H vessels in bone marrow support bone formation and healing. Targeting these specialized blood vessels offers potential therapeutic strategies for bone diseases.

Keywords:
PDGF-BBVEGFbone developmentbone diseasebone formationosteoblastosteogenesistype H blood vessel

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Area of Science:

  • Vascular Biology
  • Bone Biology
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Type H vessels are specialized bone marrow blood vessels.
  • They express high levels of endomucin and CD31.
  • These vessels are crucial for osteogenic activity and bone development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the molecular mechanisms of Type H vessels.
  • To understand their role in osteogenic activity.
  • To explore their implications in bone diseases and potential treatments.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of molecular mechanisms.
  • Analysis of Type H vessel function in bone metabolism.
  • Synthesis of findings related to bone diseases.

Main Results:

  • Type H vessels provide nutritional support during long bone development.
  • They influence osteoprogenitors and osteoclasts via paracrine signaling.
  • These vessels are implicated in fracture healing, osteoporosis, and other bone pathologies.

Conclusions:

  • Type H vessels are key regulators of bone metabolism.
  • Understanding their mechanisms aids in comprehending bone diseases.
  • Targeting Type H vessels presents therapeutic opportunities for bone conditions.