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Related Experiment Videos

Different forms of blinks and their two-stage control.

K A Manning, C Evinger

    Experimental Brain Research
    |January 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary

    Blinks triggered by airpuffs are faster than those from light flashes, revealing distinct neural control mechanisms for reflex blinks. This study highlights a two-stage blink control system involving preprogrammed and stimulus-controlled components.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Ophthalmology
    • Motor Control

    Background:

    • Blinking is a fundamental protective reflex.
    • Understanding the neural control of blinks is crucial for neurological and ophthalmological research.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the kinematic differences between blinks evoked by various stimuli.
    • To explore the neural basis underlying reflex blinks.
    • To identify commonalities and differences in blink control mechanisms.

    Main Methods:

    • Recording upper eyelid movement kinematics in rabbits.
    • Measuring electromyographic responses of levator palpebrae and orbicularis oculi muscles.
    • Evoking blinks using trigeminal (airpuff) and visual (light flash) stimuli.

    Main Results:

    • Blinks evoked by airpuffs exhibit higher velocity and faster execution compared to blinks evoked by light flashes of similar amplitude.
    • Kinematic differences arise from variations in the timing and nature of activity in antagonistic lid muscle motoneurons.
    • Despite kinematic differences, core neural control characteristics are shared between trigeminal and visually evoked blinks.

    Conclusions:

    • Reflex blinks demonstrate distinct kinematic profiles based on stimulus type.
    • Neural control of blinks involves differential activation patterns of lid motoneurons.
    • Blink generation appears to be regulated by a two-stage neural control system: a preprogrammed early component and a stimulus-controlled late component.

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