Rates of New Peanut Allergy and Discontinuation Following Introduction in High-Risk Infants

Area of Science:

• Pediatric Allergy and Immunology
• Food Allergy Prevention
• Infant Nutrition

Background:

• Current guidelines recommend weekly peanut protein introduction for high-risk infants to prevent peanut allergy.
• Adherence and incidence of new peanut allergy post-introduction require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To assess compliance with peanut introduction guidelines in high-risk infants.
• To determine the rates of new peanut allergy development.
• To identify reasons for discontinuing peanut consumption.

Main Methods:

• A prospective cohort study followed 277 high-risk infants (4-11 months) with no prior peanut exposure.
• Infants were recommended 6g of peanut protein weekly and followed to 30 months via in-person visits and questionnaires.

Main Results:

• 88% of infants consumed some peanut protein, with a median weekly intake of 3g.
• New peanut allergy developed in 2% of infants; food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome was noted in 2 cases.
• Fear of reaction in other family members was the primary reason for discontinuation.

Conclusions:

• Low rates of new peanut allergy and discontinuation were observed in this high-risk cohort.
• Families, particularly those with existing peanut allergies, need substantial support for successful peanut introduction.