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Related Concept Videos

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System I:Echocardiography01:17

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System I:Echocardiography

337
Cardiac imaging studies encompass a wide range of noninvasive and minimally invasive techniques designed to visualize the heart's structure and function in detail. One such technique is echocardiography, which uses high-frequency ultrasound waves to produce detailed images of the heart, known as echocardiograms.
Indications: Echocardiography is utilized to diagnose heart failure, valve disorders, and myocardial infarction. It also assesses cardiac structures' size, shape, and motion,...
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Ultrasonography01:17

Ultrasonography

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Ultrasonography is an imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to visualize the body's internal structures. It is a non-invasive and safe procedure that does not involve the use of ionizing radiation, making it widely used in various medical fields. Ultrasonography is used to study heart function, blood flow in the neck or extremities, certain conditions such as gallbladder disease, and fetal growth and development.
During an ultrasonography procedure, a handheld device called...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2025

Evaluation of Left Ventricular Structure and Function using 3D Echocardiography
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An Ultrasound Matrix Transducer for High-Frame-Rate 3-D Intra-cardiac Echocardiography.

Djalma Simões Dos Santos1, Boudewine Ossenkoppele1, Yannick M Hopf2

  • 1Laboratory of Medical Imaging, Department of Imaging Physics, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.

Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology
|November 30, 2023
PubMed
Summary

A novel ultrasound matrix transducer prototype was developed for high-frame-rate 3-D intra-cardiac echocardiography, enabling advanced cardiac imaging. This innovation supports complex procedures and detailed heart function tracking.

Keywords:
Application-specific integrated circuitHigh frame rateIntra-cardiac echocardiographyMatrix arrayThree-dimensionalUltrasound transducer

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Medical Imaging
  • Ultrasound Technology

Background:

  • Intra-cardiac echocardiography (ICE) is crucial for guiding cardiac interventions.
  • Current ICE technology faces limitations in frame rate and 3-D volumetric imaging.
  • High-frame-rate 3-D ICE is needed for real-time visualization of complex cardiac structures and dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and characterize an ultrasound matrix transducer prototype for high-frame-rate 3-D intra-cardiac echocardiography.
  • To demonstrate the feasibility of advanced imaging techniques within a catheter-based system.
  • To enhance visualization capabilities for complex interventional cardiac procedures.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a 16x18 lead zirconate titanate element matrix array with integrated application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC).
  • Implementation of subarray beamforming and in-receive digitization to reduce cable count.
  • Utilization of time-division multiplexing and pulse amplitude modulation for data transmission.
  • Employing seven fan-shaped diverging transmit beams at a 7.7 kHz pulse repetition frequency for high frame rates.

Main Results:

  • The transducer achieved a transmit efficiency of 28 Pa/V at 5 cm and 60% bandwidth.
  • Measured dynamic range in receive was 80 dB with a minimum detectable pressure of 10 Pa.
  • High element yield (98%) confirmed manufacturing process efficacy.
  • Demonstrated imaging capability up to 1000 volumes/s over a 70°x70°x10 cm volume.

Conclusions:

  • The developed ultrasound matrix transducer prototype enables high-frame-rate 3-D intra-cardiac echocardiography.
  • Advanced imaging capabilities support complex interventional procedures.
  • Potential for full-volumetric flow, tissue, and electromechanical wave tracking in the heart.