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Aortic aneurysms: current pathogenesis and therapeutic targets.

Min Ji Cho1, Mi-Ran Lee2, Jong-Gil Park3,4

  • 1Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.

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Aortic aneurysms cause many deaths globally, with no current drugs to prevent their growth or rupture. This review explores current research into aortic aneurysm mechanisms to improve understanding and potential treatments.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Pathology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Aortic aneurysm is a dangerous expansion of the aorta, often asymptomatic until rupture, causing significant mortality.
  • Current treatments for aortic aneurysms are limited to surgical or endovascular repair, with no effective drug therapies available.
  • Despite research, key pathogenic mechanisms including cellular heterogeneity, TGF-β signaling, inflammation, and intercellular communication remain incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and synthesize recent research findings on the pathogenic mechanisms of aortic aneurysms.
  • To highlight current knowledge gaps in cellular heterogeneity, signaling pathways, and other factors contributing to aortic aneurysm development.
  • To provide a comprehensive overview that may enhance understanding and guide future therapeutic target identification for aortic aneurysms.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent research on aortic aneurysm pathogenesis.
  • Synthesis of current findings on cellular mechanisms, signaling pathways, and related biological processes.
  • Analysis of existing knowledge gaps and areas requiring further investigation.

Main Results:

  • Aortic aneurysms involve complex mechanisms including cellular heterogeneity, plasticity, and intricate signaling pathways like TGF-β.
  • Inflammation, cell death, intramural neovascularization, and intercellular communication are critical components of aneurysm development.
  • Despite advances, a complete understanding of these interconnected mechanisms is still lacking.

Conclusions:

  • A comprehensive understanding of aortic aneurysm pathogenesis requires further investigation into its complex cellular and molecular underpinnings.
  • Identifying novel therapeutic targets necessitates a deeper exploration of cellular heterogeneity, signaling pathways, and inflammatory processes.
  • This review consolidates current knowledge, providing a foundation for future research aimed at developing effective treatments for aortic aneurysms.