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Related Concept Videos

Magnetic Resonance Imaging01:24

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique based on a phenomenon of nuclear physics discovered in the 1930s, in which matter exposed to magnetic fields and radio waves was found to emit radio signals. In 1970, a physician and researcher named Raymond Damadian noticed that malignant (cancerous) tissue gave off different signals than normal body tissue. He applied for a patent for the first MRI scanning device in clinical use by the early 1980s. The early MRI...
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Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance01:05

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The number of nuclear spins aligned in the lower energy state is slightly greater than those in the higher energy state. In the presence of an external magnetic field, as the spins precess at the Larmor frequency, the excess population results in a net magnetization oriented along the z axis. When a pulse or a short burst of radio waves at the Larmor frequency is applied along the x axis, the coupling of frequencies causes resonance and flips the nuclear spins of the excess population from the...
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Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR): Overview01:07

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Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a phenomenon exhibited by certain nuclei that can absorb characteristic radio frequency radiation under certain conditions. NMR has been extensively applied in molecular spectroscopy and medical diagnostic imaging. In both these applications, the molecule or subject under study is placed in a magnetic field and irradiated with radio frequency energy.
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Applications Of NMR In Biology01:25

Applications Of NMR In Biology

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Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a very valuable analytical technique for researchers. It has been used for more than 50 years as an analytical tool. F. Bloch and E. Purcell formulated NMR in 1946 and won the 1952 Nobel Prize in Physics  for their work. Biological macromolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and organic molecules including pharmaceutical compounds, can be studied using this versatile tool that exploits the magnetic properties of certain nuclei.
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Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT)01:15

Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT)

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Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT) is an advanced Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) technique specifically designed to detect and enhance the signals of low-abundance nuclei, such as carbon-13 and nitrogen-15, in small molecules. The fundamental principle behind INEPT is the transfer of polarization from a more abundant and highly polarizable nucleus, typically hydrogen-1, to the low-abundance nucleus of interest. This process effectively boosts the NMR signal of the...
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Double Resonance Techniques: Overview01:12

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview

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Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
Spin decoupling is usually achieved by...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2025

Standardized Data Acquisition for Neuromelanin-Sensitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Substantia Nigra
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Nanodiamond-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Jelena Lazovic1, Eberhard Goering2, Anna-Maria Wild1

  • 1Medical Systems Central Scientific Facility, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|December 1, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Nanodiamonds (ND) show promise as a novel MRI contrast agent. These biocompatible nanoparticles enable clear in vivo cell tracking and visualization without significant toxicity.

Keywords:
T1-weighted MRIcell labellingcell trackingcontrast agentdetonation nanodiamondmagnetic resonance imagingnanodiamond

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Nanotechnology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Nanodiamonds (ND) offer biocompatibility and versatile functionalization for various applications.
  • Structural defects in nanodiamonds can impart paramagnetic properties, making them suitable for MRI contrast agents.
  • Detonation nanodiamonds specifically show potential for reducing T1 relaxation times and enhancing MRI signals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential of nanodiamonds as a non-invasive imaging agent for cell labeling and tracking.
  • To evaluate nanodiamonds as a novel, gadolinium-free contrast-enhancing agent for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI).

Main Methods:

  • In vivo imaging of nanodiamonds in chicken embryos following intravascular application.
  • In vitro visualization and analysis of nanodiamond-labeled macrophages.
  • Assessment of macrophage cytotoxicity and pro-inflammatory cytokine response post-labeling.

Main Results:

  • Direct visualization of nanodiamonds in vivo yielded a bright signal with high contrast-to-noise ratio.
  • Enhanced MRI signals were observed in the liver and kidneys within 24 hours, indicating uptake by the reticuloendothelial system.
  • In vitro studies confirmed nanodiamond labeling of macrophages without significant cytotoxicity or increased pro-inflammatory cytokines.

Conclusions:

  • Nanodiamonds serve as an effective, gadolinium-free MRI contrast agent.
  • Nanodiamonds demonstrate potential for in vivo cell labeling and tracking, particularly for phagocytic cells.
  • Further research into nanodiamonds could advance cell-based therapies and diagnostics.