Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Properties of DTFT I01:24

Properties of DTFT I

413
In signal processing, Discrete-Time Fourier Transforms (DTFTs) play a critical role in analyzing discrete-time signals in the frequency domain. Various properties of the DTFTs such as linearity, time-shifting, frequency-shifting, time reversal, conjugation, and time scaling help understand and manipulate these signals for different applications.
The linearity property of DTFTs is fundamental. If two discrete-time signals are multiplied by constants a and b respectively, and then combined to...
413
Properties of Fourier Transform II01:24

Properties of Fourier Transform II

222
The Fourier Transform (FT) is an essential mathematical tool in signal processing, transforming a time-domain signal into its frequency-domain representation. This transformation elucidates the relationship between time and frequency domains through several properties, each revealing unique aspects of signal behavior.
The Frequency Shifting property of Fourier Transforms highlights that a shift in the frequency domain corresponds to a phase shift in the time domain. Mathematically, if x(t) has...
222
Interference: Path Lengths01:10

Interference: Path Lengths

1.3K
Consider two sources of sound, that may or may not be in phase, emitting waves at a single frequency, and consider the frequencies to be the same.
Two special sources may be considered when they are in phase. This can be easily achieved by feeding the two sources from the same source. An example would be synchronizing the two speakers by feeding them with the same source, such as the sound waves produced by a tuning fork. This setup ensures that the two sources have the same frequency and are...
1.3K
Fast Fourier Transform01:10

Fast Fourier Transform

340
The Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is a computational algorithm designed to compute the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) efficiently. By breaking down the calculations into smaller, manageable sections, the FFT significantly reduces the computational complexity involved. Direct computation of an N-point DFT requires N2 complex multiplications, whereas the FFT algorithm needs only (N/2)log⁡2N multiplications, offering a much faster performance.
The computational efficiency of the FFT becomes...
340
Properties of Fourier Transform I01:21

Properties of Fourier Transform I

179
The application of Fourier Transform properties in radio broadcasting is multifaceted, enabling significant advancements in the way signals are transmitted and received. Key areas where these properties are utilized include simultaneous multi-channel transmission, audio clip speed adjustments, live broadcast delays for different time zones, audio frequency adjustments, and signal demodulation.
In radio broadcasting, multiple audio signals often need to be transmitted simultaneously. The Fourier...
179
Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy01:26

Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy

8.1K
Phase-Contrast Microscopes
In-phase-contrast microscopes, interference between light directly passing through a cell and light refracted by cellular components is used to create high-contrast, high-resolution images without staining. It is the oldest and simplest type of microscope that creates an image by altering the wavelengths of light rays passing through the specimen. Altered wavelength paths are created using an annular stop in the condenser. The annular stop produces a hollow cone of...
8.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Risk factors associated with portomesenteric venous thrombosis in patients undergoing restorative proctocolectomy for medically refractory ulcerative colitis.

Colorectal disease : the official journal of the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland·2016
Same author

Multilocus sequence typing of 102 Burkholderia pseudomallei strains isolated from China.

Epidemiology and infection·2016
Same author

Dynamics and regulation of glycolysis-tricarboxylic acid metabolism in the midgut of Spodoptera litura during metamorphosis.

Insect molecular biology·2015
Same author

Severe obesity prior to diagnosis limits survival in colorectal cancer patients evaluated at a large cancer centre.

British journal of cancer·2015
Same author

Multiple region whole-exome sequencing reveals dramatically evolving intratumor genomic heterogeneity in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Oncogenesis·2015
Same author

Colon cancer with unresectable synchronous metastases: the AAAP scoring system for predicting the outcome after primary tumour resection.

Colorectal disease : the official journal of the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland·2015

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2025

Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator
08:39

Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator

Published on: January 28, 2019

9.8K

Collision in double-image encryption scheme based on spatial encoding and phase-truncation Fourier transforms.

Y Xiong, J Gu, R Kumar

    Applied Optics
    |December 1, 2023
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study evaluates a double-image cryptosystem using phase-truncation Fourier transforms (PTFTs). Despite enhancements, a vulnerability allows plaintext recovery from a single phase-only mask (POM) using known-plaintext attacks.

    More Related Videos

    Time Multiplexing Super Resolving Technique for Imaging from a Moving Platform
    06:25

    Time Multiplexing Super Resolving Technique for Imaging from a Moving Platform

    Published on: February 12, 2014

    8.5K
    A Guide to Structured Illumination TIRF Microscopy at High Speed with Multiple Colors
    11:15

    A Guide to Structured Illumination TIRF Microscopy at High Speed with Multiple Colors

    Published on: May 30, 2016

    25.2K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jul 9, 2025

    Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator
    08:39

    Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator

    Published on: January 28, 2019

    9.8K
    Time Multiplexing Super Resolving Technique for Imaging from a Moving Platform
    06:25

    Time Multiplexing Super Resolving Technique for Imaging from a Moving Platform

    Published on: February 12, 2014

    8.5K
    A Guide to Structured Illumination TIRF Microscopy at High Speed with Multiple Colors
    11:15

    A Guide to Structured Illumination TIRF Microscopy at High Speed with Multiple Colors

    Published on: May 30, 2016

    25.2K

    Area of Science:

    • Cryptography
    • Image Processing
    • Information Security

    Background:

    • Double-image cryptosystems utilize spatial encoding and phase-truncation Fourier transforms (PTFTs).
    • Conventional PTFT cryptosystems employ two random phase masks (RPMs) as public keys.
    • An improved system uses a random amplitude mask (RAM) to generate RPMs, increasing robustness and key space.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the security strength of an enhanced double-image cryptosystem based on spatial encoding and PTFTs.
    • To identify vulnerabilities in the improved cryptosystem's key management and encryption process.
    • To propose new attack algorithms to exploit identified weaknesses.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of an improved PTFT-based double-image cryptosystem incorporating a RAM.
    • Development of hybrid algorithms, including known-plaintext and known-key attacks.
    • Numerical simulations to validate attack effectiveness and information disclosure.

    Main Results:

    • The RAM, being independent of plaintexts, can be recovered using known plaintext-ciphertext pairs.
    • Recovery of the RAM allows retrieval of the phase key RPM, compromising the cryptosystem.
    • Proposed attacks successfully retrieve plaintext information from a single phase-only mask (POM).

    Conclusions:

    • The enhanced double-image cryptosystem remains vulnerable to attacks due to the independent RAM.
    • Information disclosure is possible even with a single POM and without knowledge of the other POM or ciphertext.
    • The security of PTFT-based double-image cryptosystems requires further investigation and mitigation strategies.