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Recent Developments in Drug Targets and Combination Therapy for the Clinical Management of Hypertension
Pradeep Kumar Niranjan1, Shiv Bahadur1
1Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Insights
Combination therapy for hypertension offers advantages over monotherapy by targeting multiple mechanisms with lower drug doses. This approach is crucial for patients with severe cardiovascular disease or significantly elevated blood pressure.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Medicine
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Hypertension is a prevalent global complication linked to atherosclerosis and ischemic heart disease.
- Unhealthy lifestyles, smoking, alcohol, poor diet, and genetics contribute to hypertension.
- Numerous antihypertensive medications exist for monotherapy and combination therapy.
Approach:
- This review analyzes monotherapy and combination therapy for elevated blood pressure.
- It compares the efficacy and mechanisms of action of different antihypertensive drug classes.
- Current research and clinical trial findings on these therapies are discussed.
Key Points:
- Combination therapy acts via multiple mechanisms with reduced drug dosages.
- It is indicated for severe hypertension or cardiovascular disease.
- Drug selection includes calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors, ARBs, and diuretics.
Conclusions:
- Combination therapy offers enhanced blood pressure management and cardiovascular risk reduction.
- The review provides insights into current therapeutic strategies and future research directions.
Abstract:
Raised blood pressure is the most common complication worldwide that may lead to atherosclerosis and ischemic heart disease. Unhealthy lifestyles, smoking, alcohol consumption, junk food, and genetic disorders are some of the causes of hypertension. To treat this condition, numerous antihypertensive medications are available, either alone or in combination, that work via various mechanisms of action. Combinational therapy provides a certain advantage over monotherapy in the sense that it acts in multi mechanism mode and minimal drug amount is required to elicit the desired therapeutic effect. Such therapy is given to patients with systolic blood pressure greater than 20 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure exceeding 10 mmHg beyond the normal range, as well as those suffering from severe cardiovascular disease. The selection of antihypertensive medications, such as calcium channel blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), and low-dose diuretics, hinges on their ability to manage blood pressure effectively and reduce cardiovascular disease risks. This review provides insights into the diverse monotherapy and combination therapy approaches used for elevated blood pressure management. In addition, it offers an analysis of combination therapy versus monotherapy and discusses the current status of these therapies, from researchbased findings to clinical trials.
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