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Aortic annular plane systolic excursion in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Luke C Dutton1, Ilaria Spalla2, Joonbum Seo3

  • 1Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine
|December 1, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Aortic annular plane systolic excursion (AAPSE) is reduced in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). This echocardiographic measure is lowest in advanced HCM stages and may aid in assessing feline cardiac function.

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Cardiology
  • Echocardiography
  • Cardiovascular Physiology

Background:

  • Left ventricular (LV) longitudinal function impairment is an early indicator of systolic dysfunction in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM).
  • Aortic annular plane systolic excursion (AAPSE) assesses LV longitudinal function in humans but hasn't been evaluated in cats.
  • HCM is a common cardiac disease in cats, necessitating reliable methods for assessing cardiac function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate aortic annular plane systolic excursion (AAPSE) as a measure of left ventricular (LV) longitudinal function in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM).
  • To compare AAPSE between normal cats and cats with varying stages of HCM.
  • To determine if AAPSE can differentiate between stages of HCM in cats.

Main Methods:

  • A multicenter retrospective case-control study reviewed medical records of 175 cats (60 normal, 61 HCM stage B, 54 HCM stage C).
  • HCM was defined by LV wall thickness ≥6 mm; normal cats had ≤5 mm.
  • M-mode echocardiography was used to measure AAPSE from the right parasternal short-axis view.

Main Results:

  • AAPSE was significantly lower in cats with HCM (3.9 ± 0.9 mm) compared to normal cats (4.6 ± 0.9 mm).
  • Cats with stage C HCM exhibited the lowest AAPSE (2.4 ± 0.6 mm).
  • An AAPSE cutoff of <2.9 mm demonstrated 83% sensitivity and 92% specificity for differentiating stage C from stage B HCM.

Conclusions:

  • Aortic annular plane systolic excursion (AAPSE) is a valuable echocardiographic measurement for assessing left ventricular (LV) systolic performance in cats.
  • AAPSE is significantly reduced in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), particularly in advanced stages.
  • AAPSE is an easily acquired variable that may serve as a novel diagnostic and prognostic indicator in feline HCM.
Abstract

Keywords:
echocardiographyfelinemitral annular plane systolic excursionstrainsystolic function

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