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Updated: Sep 14, 2026

Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer
Published on: March 1, 2015
[Laryngeal nerves, branches in the interior of the larynx]
Abstract:
The recurrent laryngeal nerve divides in the most cases outside of the larynx into 2 twigs. The thicker ventral branch has a posterior and an anterior twig. From the posterior one, we counted 6.22 (1 to 12) branches to the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle and 1.48 (1 to 3) to the arytenoid muscle. From the anterior branch 3.54 (1 to 6) twigs run to the lateral cricoarytenoid muscle and 2.06 (1 to 5) to the thyreo-arytenoid muscle. An Ansa GALENI was found in 66%. Its diameter was cranial greater than caudal, its length was measured with 73.6 (56 to 96) mm. A single anastomose was found in 54%, and in 12% numerous variations. We found 8.5 (3 to 13) thicker twigs, which divided themselves in 17 thinner twigs. To the mucous membrane we found 78.5% and to muscles 21.5%. In cases without anastomoses, 3.5 (2 to 5) twigs were running to muscles and 13.4 (1 to 25) to the mucous membrane. The diameter and length of the twigs and their course to muscles and mucous membrane have been estimated. The results are discussed with those of earlier authors.
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