Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Overview of Exosomes

Overview of Exosomes

Exosomes are stable, lipid bilayer-enclosed vesicles capable of crossing biological barriers. They can carry a wide range of molecules required for intercellular communication. Once exosomes are released from the cell where they originated, they enter a recipient cell through various pathways such as fusion, receptor-mediated endocytosis, macropinocytosis, and phagocytosis.
Stahl et al. discovered exosomes in 1983, but the exosomes were initially considered waste products released from the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Autonomously Motile Nano-PROTACs Act as Protein-Sweeping Robots to Enhance Targeted Protein Degradation.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2026

Same author

Machine-intelligent multimodal algebot for intracavitary chemotherapy.

Nature nanotechnology·2026

Same author

CD45 as a multifunctional target in immune regulation and therapeutic delivery.

Journal of translational medicine·2026

Same author

In vivo dynamic hotspot-enhanced Raman spectroscopy via reconfigurable swarming nanoprobes.

Nature communications·2026

Same author

Deep Learning Assisted Motion Behavior Analysis of Catalytic Micromotors Based on Trajectory and Optical Flow.

Nano letters·2026

Same author

Gear-like MOF microrobots for single cell mechanotransduction of microvilli.

Nature communications·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2025

Author Spotlight: Development of a Large-Scale, Reproducible Production Method for Exosome Mimetics Using Magnetic Nanoparticles

Author Spotlight: Development of a Large-Scale, Reproducible Production Method for Exosome Mimetics Using Magnetic Nanoparticles

Published on: January 26, 2024

Urease-Powered Micromotors with Spatially Selective Distribution of Enzymes for Capturing and Sensing Exosomes.

Xiaoxia Liu^1,2, Yong Wang³, Yixin Peng¹

¹School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Guangdong, Shenzhen 518055, China.

|December 1, 2023

Summary

Enzyme-catalyzed micromotors with internal urease capture exosomes more efficiently by minimizing disruptive flow fields. This spatial separation enhances binding and enables improved diagnostics using surface Raman scattering.

Keywords:

driving module enzymatic micromotors flow field functional module spatially distribution

More Related Videos

Isolation and Profiling of MicroRNA-containing Exosomes from Human Bile

Isolation and Profiling of MicroRNA-containing Exosomes from Human Bile

Published on: June 13, 2016

An Innovative Method for Exosome Quantification and Size Measurement

An Innovative Method for Exosome Quantification and Size Measurement

Published on: January 17, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 9, 2025

Author Spotlight: Development of a Large-Scale, Reproducible Production Method for Exosome Mimetics Using Magnetic Nanoparticles

Author Spotlight: Development of a Large-Scale, Reproducible Production Method for Exosome Mimetics Using Magnetic Nanoparticles

Published on: January 26, 2024

Isolation and Profiling of MicroRNA-containing Exosomes from Human Bile

Isolation and Profiling of MicroRNA-containing Exosomes from Human Bile

Published on: June 13, 2016

An Innovative Method for Exosome Quantification and Size Measurement

An Innovative Method for Exosome Quantification and Size Measurement

Published on: January 17, 2015

Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Nanotechnology
Enzyme Catalysis

Background:

Enzyme-catalyzed micro/nanomotors (MNMs) offer biocompatibility and versatility for biological applications.
Enzyme-generated flow fields can negatively impact the binding efficiency of surface-functionalized MNMs.
Exosome isolation and sensing are critical in diagnostics but face challenges with current MNM designs.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop enzymatic micromotors with spatially segregated urease for enhanced exosome capture and sensing.
To investigate the impact of internal urease localization on micromotor performance and binding efficiency.
To enable independent operation of driving and functional modules within micromotors.

Main Methods:

Modification of micromotors with spatially selective distribution of urease within the motor's cavity.
Utilizing urease-catalyzed reactions to generate propulsion while minimizing external flow field effects.
Employing surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) with gold nanoshells for exosome detection and identification.
Comparing binding efficiency of internally modified vs. externally modified and static micromotors.

Main Results:

Micromotors with internally localized urease showed approximately 35% enhanced binding efficiency compared to static counterparts.
Internally modified micromotors demonstrated an 18% improvement in binding efficiency over externally modified ones.
Spatially separating the enzyme catalysis from the exterior surface significantly improved cargo capture.

Conclusions:

Enzymatic micromotors with spatially separated driving and functional modules enhance exosome capture and sensing capabilities.
Internal localization of urease effectively mitigates flow field interference, boosting binding efficiency.
These multifunctional micromotors show significant promise for advanced biomedical diagnostics and isolation techniques.