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Area of Science:

  • Adolescent sleep science
  • Digital health
  • Behavioral sleep medicine

Background:

  • Sleep disruption is a significant concern during adolescence, influenced by psychosocial and bioregulatory factors.
  • Emerging research indicates a potential link between smartphone use and adverse sleep outcomes in adolescents.
  • Existing studies often rely on self-report measures, limiting objective insights into smartphone use and sleep patterns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To objectively investigate the association between hourly smartphone use and sleep disruption in adolescents.
  • To quantify the relationship between specific smartphone activities (screen time, pickups, notifications) and wake events during sleep hours.

Main Methods:

  • A 14-day daily study involving 59 racially and ethnically diverse adolescents (ages 15-18).
  • Objective sleep assessment using Fitbit Inspire 2 devices.
  • Collection of hourly iPhone screen time, pickups, and notification data.
  • Multi-level modeling to analyze hourly associations between smartphone use and wake events.

Main Results:

  • Increased screen time and pickups during sleep sessions were associated with longer wake event durations.
  • Hourly smartphone engagement directly correlated with increased sleep disruption.
  • The number of notifications per hour did not show a significant association with wake event duration.

Conclusions:

  • Objective, hourly data demonstrate that active smartphone engagement during sleeping hours disrupts adolescent sleep.
  • Adolescents experiencing longer wake events during sleep sessions were more likely to have higher screen time and pickups.
  • Findings highlight the impact of real-time smartphone use on adolescent sleep architecture.