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Related Concept Videos

Translesion DNA Polymerases02:10

Translesion DNA Polymerases

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Translesion (TLS) polymerases rescue stalled DNA polymerases at sites of damaged bases by replacing the replicative polymerase and installing a nucleotide across the damaged site. Doing so, TLS allows additional time for the cell to repair the damage before resuming regular DNA replication.
TLS polymerases are found in all three domains of life - archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes. Of the different classes of TLS polymerases, members of the Y family are fitted with specialized structures that...
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Single-Strand DNA Binding Proteins01:03

Single-Strand DNA Binding Proteins

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For successful DNA replication, the unwinding of double-stranded DNA must be accompanied by stabilization and protection of the separated single strands of the DNA. This crucial task is performed by single-strand DNA-binding (SSB) proteins. They bind to the DNA in a sequence-independent manner, which means that the nitrogenous bases of the DNA need not be present in a specific order for binding of SSB proteins to it. The binding of SSB proteins straightens single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and makes...
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Restarting Stalled Replication Forks02:37

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks

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DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart,...
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Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

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The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
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Transcription Initiation01:47

Transcription Initiation

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Initiation is the first step of transcription in eukaryotes. Prokaryotic RNA Polymerase (RNAP) can bind to the template DNA and start transcribing. On the other hand, transcription in eukaryotes requires additional proteins, called transcription factors, to first bind to the promoter region in the DNA template. This binding helps recruit the specific RNAP that can assemble on the DNA and start transcription.
The promoters and enhancers and their accessory proteins allow tight regulation of...
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Bacterial Transcription01:53

Bacterial Transcription

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RNA polymerase (RNAP) carries out DNA-dependent RNA synthesis in both bacteria and eukaryotes. Bacteria do not have a membrane-bound nucleus. So, transcription and translation occur simultaneously, on the same DNA template.
Transcription can be divided into three main stages, each involving distinct DNA sequences to guide the polymerase. These are:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2025

Detection of Homologous Recombination Intermediates via Proximity Ligation and Quantitative PCR in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
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Detection of Homologous Recombination Intermediates via Proximity Ligation and Quantitative PCR in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

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The phosphorylated trimeric SOSS1 complex and RNA polymerase II trigger liquid-liquid phase separation at

Qilin Long1, Marek Sebesta2, Katerina Sedova2

  • 1Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK.

Cell Reports
|December 1, 2023
PubMed
Summary

The SOSS1 complex binds to RNA polymerase II at DNA breaks, forming liquid repair compartments. This interaction is crucial for efficient DNA damage repair, particularly in an R-loop-dependent manner.

Keywords:
CP: Molecular biologyDNA damageDNA:RNA hybridsLLPSR-loopsRNA polymerase IISOSS1 complexc-Abl kinasehSSB1phase-separationphosphorylation

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Direct Restart of a Replication Fork Stalled by a Head-On RNA Polymerase
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Direct Restart of a Replication Fork Stalled by a Head-On RNA Polymerase
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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • DNA Damage Response
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Double-strand breaks (DSBs) are critical DNA lesions.
  • RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) phosphorylated at tyrosine 1 (Y1P) generates RNAs at DSBs.
  • Regulation of transcription at DSBs is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the regulation of transcription at DSBs.
  • Identify factors involved in DNA damage-induced transcription.
  • Elucidate the role of the SOSS1 complex in DNA repair.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro and in vivo experiments.
  • Phosphorylation assays.
  • Co-immunoprecipitation.
  • R-loop binding assays.
  • Depletion studies.

Main Results:

  • c-Abl phosphorylates hSSB1, facilitating its interaction with Y1P RNAPII at DSBs.
  • The SOSS1 complex (hSSB1, INTS3, c9orf80) binds Y1P RNAPII in an R-loop-dependent manner.
  • hSSB1 within SOSS1 binds R-loops, even with replication protein A (RPA) present.
  • SOSS1 and RNAPII form dynamic, liquid-like repair compartments at DSBs.

Conclusions:

  • The SOSS1 complex plays a vital role in the R-loop-dependent DNA damage response.
  • SOSS1 facilitates DNA repair by forming dynamic repair compartments at DSBs.
  • Understanding this pathway offers insights into genome stability.