Technology-enhanced community forest management in tropical regions: A state of the art

Tropical forests provide ecosystem services to around 2.7 billion people. Yet they are reaching tipping points due to social, economic, and environmental pressures. Technology is increasingly being leveraged to expand Community Forest Management (CFM) monitoring capabilities and to potentially increase its effectiveness, but a systematic accounting of this is lacking in the scientific literature. This study employed a mixed-methods approach combining a systematic literature review (SLR) with semi-structured interviews of technology-enhanced CFM (tech-CFM) case studies in tropical forests. From the SLR, evaluation criteria were identified and applied to 23 case studies that employed one or more novel technologies, 8 on the African continent, 9 in the Asia Pacific region, 5 in Latin America, and 1 in multiple regions. The results include classifying 22 monitoring technologies, with satellite remote sensing technology being the most common (17 case studies), followed by mobile devices (10 case studies), which are often integrated with geographic information system (8 case studies) analysis and data platforms. These technologies tend to be deployed in packages that augment each technology's capabilities, beyond their individual uses. Nonetheless, they are limited by poor internet coverage in remote regions, impeding the ability to develop real-time integrated monitoring systems. Tech-CFM shows potential for complementing and integrating with national monitoring system when adequate data collection protocols are in place. Practical social-cultural, technical, and project design recommendations are made for the integration of technology into CFM. Finally, a multi-criteria decision-making framework is developed from the literature-based evaluation criteria to assist practitioners in selecting appropriate technology suites.