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Nanoparticle-Based Bioaffinity Assays: From the Research Laboratory to the Market.

Zdeněk Farka1, Julian C Brandmeier1,2, Matthias J Mickert3

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|December 1, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Nanoparticles offer promising alternatives to traditional labels in bioaffinity assays, especially for rapid tests. While challenges remain for complex samples, their success in lateral flow assays like COVID-19 tests highlights their potential.

Keywords:
Covid-19biosensordigital assayimmunoassaynanoparticlepoint-of-care testing

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Nanomaterials Science
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Advancements in biorecognition elements, nanoparticle labels, and instrumentation are driving innovation in bioaffinity assays.
  • Current bioaffinity assays often rely on enzymatic or molecular labels, with limitations in certain applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically review the potential of nanoparticles as replacements for conventional labels in immunoassays and other bioaffinity assays.
  • To highlight successful nanoparticle implementations in commercial assays and their role in rapid test development.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature and commercial applications of nanoparticles in bioaffinity assays.
  • Analysis of challenges and opportunities for nanoparticle integration in diagnostic testing.

Main Results:

  • Nanoparticles show significant potential for use as capture supports, signal generation elements, and signal amplification systems.
  • Commercial adoption of nanoparticles is currently limited by challenges in analyzing real-world samples (blood, urine, nasal swabs).
  • Lateral flow assays utilizing colloidal gold nanoparticles, such as SARS-CoV-2 antigen tests, demonstrate successful and rapid market integration.

Conclusions:

  • Nanoparticles present a viable and often superior alternative to traditional labels in bioaffinity assays.
  • Overcoming challenges in real-sample analysis will be key to broader adoption of nanoparticle-based bioassays.
  • The success of nanoparticle-based lateral flow assays underscores their importance in point-of-care diagnostics.