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Related Concept Videos

Obedience01:08

Obedience

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According to obedience research, we may harm others under the forceful pressures of an authority figure (Milgram, 1974). How about if the inappropriate orders were delivered with less force? The increasing interdependence between nurses and physicians compelled Hofling and his colleagues to explore nurses’ reactions to a potentially harmful medical request made by the perceived authority figure, the doctor (Hofling, Brotzman, Dalrymple, Graves, & Pierce, 1966). In this situation,...
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Variability: Analysis01:11

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Measures of variability are statistical metrics that reveal the dispersion pattern within a dataset. They are pivotal in biostatistics, providing insights into the heterogeneity within health and biological data. Variability signifies the degree to which data points diverge from one another, helping researchers understand the potential range of values and associated uncertainty within the data.
The range is a simple measure of variability, indicating the difference between the highest and...
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Techniques of Therapeutic Communication II: Focusing, Paraphrasing, and Summarizing01:23

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Focusing involves centering a conversation on a message's critical elements or concepts. Focusing is valuable if the talk is vague or patients begin to repeat themselves. Sometimes, when patients are asked about their symptoms, they may go off-topic and try to tell their entire life story. Respectfully, the nurse should bring the conversation back into focus.
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Nursing Evaluation01:15

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The evaluation stage signals the end of the nursing process. The nurse gathers evaluative data to assess whether or not the patient has attained the expected results. Whereas the nurse collects data in the nursing assessment to identify the patient's health concerns, the evaluation stage data determines if the indicated health issues are resolved. Evaluative data collection includes two sections: the data acquired to evaluate patient outcomes and the time criteria for data collection.
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Regression Toward the Mean01:52

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Regression toward the mean (“RTM”) is a phenomenon in which extremely high or low values—for example, and individual’s blood pressure at a particular moment—appear closer to a group’s average upon remeasuring. Although this statistical peculiarity is the result of random error and chance, it has been problematic across various medical, scientific, financial and psychological applications. In particular, RTM, if not taken into account, can interfere when...
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Naturalistic Observations02:30

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If you want to understand how behavior occurs, one of the best ways to gain information is to simply observe the behavior in its natural context. However, people might change their behavior in unexpected ways if they know they are being observed. How do researchers obtain accurate information when people tend to hide their natural behavior? As an example, imagine that your professor asks everyone in your class to raise their hand if they always wash their hands after using the restroom. Chances...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2025

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Learning From Clinical Supervisor Practice Variability: Exploring Medical Resident and Fellow Experiences and

Siraj Mithoowani, Shahzaib Khattak, Susan Lieberman

    Academic Medicine : Journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges
    |December 1, 2023
    PubMed
    Summary

    Medical residents and fellows learn from clinical practice variability by discerning case features, grouping similar patients, and embracing individualized care. This variability aids their understanding of treatment differences among supervisors.

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    Area of Science:

    • Medical Education
    • Clinical Practice Variation
    • Grounded Theory

    Background:

    • Clinical practice variability, where clinicians differ in treatment decisions for similar cases, is common.
    • Understanding how trainees perceive and learn from these variations is crucial for medical education.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To explore how medical residents and fellows experience and interpret intersupervisor clinical practice variability.
    • To understand the influence of these variations on the learning process of trainees.

    Main Methods:

    • Semistructured interviews were conducted with 17 senior residents or fellows in internal medicine, hematology, or thrombosis medicine.
    • Constructivist grounded theory and variation theory guided data collection and analysis iteratively.
    • Participants were recruited until theoretical sufficiency was reached.

    Main Results:

    • All participants experienced clinical practice variability, attributing it to supervisor differences, institutional factors, evidence interpretation, patient factors, and trainee involvement.
    • Variability helped trainees discern key case features (contrast), group similar cases (generalization), and develop individualized care attitudes (fusion).
    • Learning from variability was more beneficial for senior residents (postgraduate year 5-6) than junior residents (postgraduate year 3-4).

    Conclusions:

    • Clinical practice variability enhances trainees' ability to identify critical aspects of cases, categorize patients, and provide personalized medicine.
    • Further research is needed to explore variability's impact across training levels, optimize supervisor guidance, and adapt curricula for reflection on practice differences.