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The development and validation of the Worries About Recurrence or Progression Scale (WARPS)
Louise Sharpe1, Rachel E Menzies1, Bethany Richmond1
1The School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
British Journal of Health Psychology
|December 1, 2023
Summary
The Worries About Recurrence and Progression Scale (WARPS) is a new, validated tool for measuring transdiagnostic fear of illness recurrence or progression. This scale offers reliable assessment for individuals managing chronic health conditions.
Area of Science:
- Psychological Medicine
- Health Psychology
Background:
- Fear of recurrence or progression is a significant concern for individuals with chronic physical illnesses.
- Existing measures are often illness-specific, with only one transdiagnostic tool available that does not assess fear of recurrence or relapse.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and validate a novel transdiagnostic measure for assessing fear of recurrence or progression.
- Introduce the Worries About Recurrence and Progression Scale (WARPS).
Main Methods:
- Generated 55 items from a systematic review of lived experiences, refined to 57 items after piloting.
- Recruited 804 participants with cardiac disease, rheumatic disease, diabetes, and respiratory disease.
- Utilized exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis to develop an 18-item, single-factor scale.
Main Results:
- The 18-item WARPS demonstrated strong construct validity, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability.
- WARPS showed significant correlations with existing fear of progression measures, illness-specific fears, depression, anxiety, stress, and death anxiety.
- The scale's validity and reliability were confirmed across four common chronic conditions, with factor structure invariance across genders.
Conclusions:
- The Worries About Recurrence and Progression Scale (WARPS) is a psychometrically sound and reliable instrument.
- WARPS effectively measures transdiagnostic worries about recurrence and progression in chronic illness populations.
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