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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2025

Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Human Melanoma Tumor-infiltrating Lymphocytes

Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Human Melanoma Tumor-infiltrating Lymphocytes

Published on: November 11, 2016

Reprogramming endothelial cells to empower cancer immunotherapy.

Abigail H Cleveland¹, Yi Fan¹

¹Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.

Trends in Molecular Medicine

|December 1, 2023

Summary

The tumor vasculature actively suppresses anti-cancer immunity and immunotherapy response through various mechanisms. Reprogramming endothelial cells offers a novel strategy to overcome this resistance and enhance cancer treatment.

Keywords:

CAR T cells angiogenesis cancer immunotherapy endothelial cell metabolism tumor microenvironment vascular reprogramming

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Area of Science:

Oncology
Immunology
Vascular Biology

Background:

Tumor immunity is regulated by leukocyte interactions within the tumor microenvironment.
The tumor vasculature plays a critical role in immune evasion and immunotherapy resistance.
Conventional roles of tumor vasculature include nutrient and oxygen supply.

Purpose of the Study:

To elucidate multiplex mechanisms by which tumor vasculature regulates anti-cancer immunity.
To explore the potential of targeting endothelial cells for overcoming immunotherapy resistance.

Main Methods:

Review and synthesis of current evidence on vascular regulation of tumor immunity.
Postulation of mechanisms involving angiocrine education, endothelial metabolism, and vascular architecture.
Hypothesizing genetic and metabolic reprogramming of endothelial cells.

Main Results:

The tumor vasculature creates an immunosuppressive niche via angiocrine factors.
Aberrant endothelial metabolism leads to T cell exclusion and inactivation.
Abnormal vascular topology and biochemistry impede lymphocyte infiltration.

Conclusions:

The tumor vasculature actively suppresses anti-cancer immunity and immunotherapy.
Targeting endothelial cell reprogramming presents a promising next-generation strategy for cancer therapy.
Reprogramming endothelial cells can overcome immunotherapy resistance by modulating the tumor microenvironment.