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Muscle quality index and cardiovascular disease among US population-findings from NHANES 2011-2014
Yanlin Chen1, Weidong Lin1, Lu Fu1
1Department of Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
Insights
A lower muscle quality index (MQI) is linked to increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. While MQI showed a negative association with congestive heart failure, it did not significantly predict overall CVD or mortality outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Muscle Physiology
- Public Health
Background:
- Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a primary cause of death in the US.
- Limited evidence exists on the link between muscle quality and CVD.
- This study explored the association between the muscle quality index (MQI) and CVD prevalence and mortality.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the relationship between MQI and CVD prevalence.
- To examine the association between MQI and CVD-related mortality.
- To explore MQI's connection with specific CVD subtypes.
Main Methods:
- Utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2014.
- Mortality data sourced from the National Death Index (NDI) through December 2019.
- Employed weighted multivariable regression, Cox regression, and Kaplan-Meier analysis.
Main Results:
- A lower MQI was independently associated with a higher risk of CVD development (P=0.002).
- No statistically significant association was found between MQI and all-cause or CVD mortality in fully adjusted models.
- Subgroup analysis revealed a negative association between MQI and congestive heart failure (CHF) (P=0.01).
Conclusions:
- MQI shows potential as a muscle quality measure and is negatively correlated with CHF.
- MQI demonstrated limited utility in predicting overall CVD and mortality outcomes.
- Further research is needed to identify better indicators for muscle quality's impact on health outcomes, especially in CHF patients.
Background And Objective:
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. However, current evidence on the association between muscle quality and CVD is limited. This study investigates the potential association between the muscle quality index (MQI) and the prevalence of CVD and CVD-related mortality.
Methods:
Participants were selected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2014. Data on mortality and causes of death were obtained from the National Death Index (NDI) records through December 31, 2019. Statistical analysis used in this study, including weighted multivariable linear and logistic regression, cox regression and Kaplan-Meier (K-M) analysis, to estimate the association between MQI and all-cause mortality as well as CVD mortality. In addition, subgroup analysis was used to estimate the association between MQI and CVD subtypes, such as heart attack, coronary heart disease, angina, congestive heart failure, and stroke.
Results:
A total of 5,053 participants were included in the final analysis. Weighted multivariable linear regression models revealed that a lower MQI.total level was independently associated with an increased risk of CVD development in model 3, with t value =-3.48, 95%CI: (-0.24, -0.06), P = 0.002. During 5,053 person-years of 6.92 years of follow-up, there were 29 deaths from CVD. Still, the association between MQI.total and CVD mortality, as well as all-cause mortality did not reach statistical significance in the fully adjusted model (HR = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.21-1.62, P = 0.30; HR = 0.91, 95% CI:0.65,1.28, P = 0.59, respectively). Subgroup analysis confirmed that MQI.total was negatively associated with congestive heart failure (OR = 0.35, 95% CI = 0.18,0.68, P = 0.01).
Conclusion:
This study highlights the potential of MQI as a measure of muscle quality, its negative correlation with congestive heart failure (CHF). However, MQI was not very useful for predicting the health outcomes such as CVD and mortality. Therefore, more attention should be paid to the early recognition of muscle weakness progression in CHF. Further studies are needed to explore more effective indicator to evaluate the association between muscle quality and health outcomes.
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