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Analysis of rotational Doppler shift with multi-ring vortex beams.

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    Summary

    Multi-ring vortex beams (MVBs) enhance the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for rotational Doppler effect (RDE) detection. This advancement improves long-range sensing capabilities for various applications.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Quantum Optics
    • Signal Processing

    Background:

    • Vortex beams (VBs) offer unique capabilities for detecting transverse rotational motion, overcoming limitations of classical radar.
    • Current rotational Doppler effect (RDE) measurements using VBs are often restricted to ideal conditions, limiting long-range detection.
    • Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of scattered signals is a key limitation for RDE-based detection distance.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the influence of multi-ring vortex beams (MVBs) on RDE frequency spectra.
    • To propose and validate a method for enhancing the SNR of RDE signals.
    • To compare the SNR enhancement effectiveness of different MVB types.

    Main Methods:

    • Designed and analyzed multi-ring vortex beams (MVBs): multi-ring Laguerre Gaussian beams (MLGB), multi-ring perfect vortex beams (MPVB), and high-order Laguerre Gaussian beams (HLGB).
    • Studied the impact of the number of rings and radial intervals on MVB intensity profiles and RDE spectra under aligned and misaligned conditions.
    • Conducted proof-of-concept experiments to verify the proposed SNR enhancement method.

    Main Results:

    • MLGB and MPVB demonstrated substantial amplitude increases in Doppler spectra with more rings.
    • MLGB exhibited superior SNR enhancement compared to MPVB.
    • High-order Laguerre Gaussian beams (HLGB) provided the lowest gain for RDE signals.

    Conclusions:

    • MVBs can significantly improve the SNR of RDE signals, enabling more robust long-range detection.
    • The choice of MVB type critically influences the effectiveness of SNR enhancement.
    • This research offers valuable insights for optimizing RDE detection systems for applications in telemetry, communication, and imaging.