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Related Concept Videos

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Updated: Jul 9, 2025

The Generation of Higher-order Laguerre-Gauss Optical Beams for High-precision Interferometry
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Scalable and robust beam shaping using apodized fish-bone grating couplers.

Chad Ropp, Dhriti Maurya, Alexander Yulaev

    Optics Express
    |December 2, 2023
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    We developed a novel fish-bone grating coupler for efficient on-chip to free-space optical coupling. This design enables precise beam shaping and millimeter-scale beam generation at 461 nm, overcoming fabrication limitations.

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    Area of Science:

    • Photonics and Optical Engineering
    • Nanophotonics
    • Integrated Optics

    Background:

    • Efficient coupling between on-chip guided and free-space optical modes is crucial for photonic integrated circuits.
    • Apodized grating couplers are essential for precise spatial mode matching, but their fabrication is often limited by minimum feature sizes, especially for short wavelengths or large-area gratings.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate a novel fish-bone grating coupler for precision beam shaping and millimeter-scale beam generation at 461 nm.
    • To overcome the fabrication limitations associated with traditional apodized grating couplers.

    Main Methods:

    • Design and fabrication of a fish-bone grating coupler.
    • Utilizing a design that decouples minimum feature size from optical scattering strength.
    • Employing commercial foundry photolithography compatible with standard fabrication processes.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved precision beam shaping and generation of millimeter-scale beams at 461 nm wavelength.
    • Demonstrated smooth turn-on and continuous control of optical emission.
    • Showcased compatibility with commercial foundry photolithography, reducing sensitivity to fabrication resolution and variability.

    Conclusions:

    • The fish-bone grating coupler offers a viable solution for efficient optical power coupling with enhanced beam control.
    • This approach overcomes fabrication constraints of traditional gratings and subwavelength meta-gratings.
    • The technology is suitable for mass production using standard photolithography, paving the way for advanced photonic devices.