Acute Adverse Events After Iodinated Contrast Agent Administration of 359,977 Injections: A Single-Center...

Area of Science:

• Radiology and Imaging
• Pharmacovigilance
• Patient Safety

Background:

• Iodinated contrast material (ICM) is widely used in computed tomography (CT) examinations.
• Understanding factors influencing adverse reactions to ICM is crucial for patient safety.
• Previous studies have suggested various risk factors, but comprehensive analysis is needed.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the impact of patient demographics, examination variables, and seasonality on allergic-like and physiologic reactions to ICM.
• To identify specific patient and examination characteristics associated with increased risk of ICM reactions.

Main Methods:

• Retrospective analysis of 359,977 ICM-enhanced CT examinations from 2009 to 2017.
• Reactions were categorized as allergic-like or physiologic, and graded as mild, moderate, or severe.
• Logistic regression models were employed to assess the influence of patient and examination variables.

Main Results:

• Overall rates: 0.32% allergic-like reactions and 0.19% physiologic reactions.
• Iopromide use was associated with significantly higher reaction rates compared to iohexol.
• Non-White patients exhibited higher rates of both allergic-like and physiologic reactions compared to White patients.

Conclusions:

• Patient race and the type of ICM used are significant predictors of acute reactions.
• Younger age, female sex, prior allergy history, higher ICM dose, and specific CT characteristics also correlate with increased reaction risk.
• No significant seasonal trend in ICM reactions was observed.