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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2025

The Use of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy as a Tool for the Measurement of Bi-hemispheric Transcranial Electric Stimulation Effects on Primary Motor Cortex Metabolism
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Glutamate measurements using edited MRS.

Muhammad G Saleh1,2, Andrew Prescot3, Linda Chang4

  • 1Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
|December 4, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hadamard encoding and reconstruction of Mescher-Garwood-edited spectroscopy (HERMES) successfully separates glutamate from glutamine. This advanced magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) technique allows for simultaneous in vivo quantification of key brain metabolites.

Keywords:
GABAHERMESJ-differenceglutamateglutathione

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS)
  • Metabolomics

Background:

  • Accurate quantification of brain metabolites like glutamate is crucial for understanding neurological function and disease.
  • Distinguishing glutamate from glutamine in vivo using MRS can be challenging due to spectral overlap.
  • Mescher-Garwood-edited spectroscopy (HERMES) offers a potential solution for improved metabolite editing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the J-difference coediting of glutamate (Glu) using Hadamard encoding and reconstruction within the HERMES technique.
  • To validate the separation of Glu from glutamine (Gln) using HERMES.
  • To assess the in vivo performance of HERMES for quantifying Glu, GABA, and GSH in a single scan.

Main Methods:

  • Density-matrix simulations and phantom experiments were conducted for HERMES and 1D J-resolved spectroscopy of Glu, Gln, GABA, and GSH.
  • HERMES involved four sub-experiments with specific editing pulse combinations.
  • In vivo HERMES and 1D J-resolved experiments were performed on 137 participants using 3T MRI scanners, with quantification by LCModel.

Main Results:

  • HERMES simulations and phantom data confirmed Glu-edited signal at 2.34 ppm without Gln overlap.
  • J-resolved experiments showed TE modulation, with averaged signals closely matching HERMES-edited Glu signals.
  • In vivo quantification revealed high correlation (p < 0.001) between HERMES and averaged 1D J-resolved methods for Glu, with similar coefficients of variation.

Conclusions:

  • HERMES effectively separates Glu from Gln, as demonstrated by simulations and phantom studies.
  • In vivo HERMES enables simultaneous quantification of Glu (without Gln), GABA, and GSH within a single magnetic resonance spectroscopy scan.
  • This method provides a robust approach for in vivo neurochemical profiling.