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Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...
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Continuous Manual Exchange Transfusion for Patients with Sickle Cell Disease: An Efficient Method to Avoid Iron Overload
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Hydroxyurea maintains working memory function in pediatric sickle cell disease.

Jesyin Lai1, Ping Zou1, Josue L Dalboni da Rocha1

  • 1Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105.

Medrxiv : the Preprint Server for Health Sciences
|December 4, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hydroxyurea treatment in pediatric sickle cell disease (SCD) patients appears to maintain working memory function. Functional MRI showed fewer brain signal changes in treated children compared to controls, suggesting preserved cognitive function during n-back tasks.

Keywords:
fMRIhydroxyurean-backsearchlight-pattern analysissickle cell diseaseworking memory

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pediatric Hematology
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Sickle cell disease (SCD) in children impairs cerebral blood flow, leading to neurocognitive deficits, particularly in working memory.
  • Hydroxyurea is the standard treatment for SCD, but its effects on neurocognition, especially working memory, are not fully understood.
  • Working memory is crucial for academic and cognitive skills, and n-back tasks are used to assess its neural underpinnings.

Approach:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to analyze blood-oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signals in pediatric SCD patients during n-back tasks.
  • Twenty hydroxyurea-treated and 11 control pediatric SCD patients (ages 7-18) underwent fMRI at baseline and ~1 year follow-up, performing 0-, 1-, and 2-back tasks.
  • Neurocognitive measures were assessed at both time points to correlate with brain activity changes.

Key Points:

  • No significant behavioral changes in n-back tasks or neurocognitive measures were observed in the hydroxyurea-treated group.
  • fMRI revealed fewer changes in BOLD signal patterns and magnitude in the treated group compared to controls between baseline and follow-up.
  • The treated group showed continuous BOLD signal increases with task difficulty, suggesting maintained working memory capacity, unlike controls.

Conclusions:

  • Hydroxyurea treatment may help preserve working memory function in pediatric patients with sickle cell disease.
  • fMRI findings suggest that hydroxyurea influences brain activity patterns related to working memory, potentially by maintaining cognitive effort.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the long-term neurocognitive benefits of hydroxyurea in SCD.