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Acute renal failure due to cisplatin
The International Journal of Pediatric Nephrology
|July 1, 1986
Summary
Cisplatin chemotherapy for neuroepithelioma can cause acute kidney injury. This case highlights immune system activation and specific protein deposits in the kidneys during chemotherapy-induced renal failure.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Oncology
- Immunology
Background:
- Cisplatin is a widely used chemotherapy agent for various cancers.
- Neuroepithelioma is a rare and aggressive tumor.
- Acute kidney injury is a known potential side effect of cisplatin, but its exact mechanisms can be complex.
Observation:
- A patient with stage IV chest wall neuroepithelioma developed acute renal failure during cisplatin therapy.
- Kidney biopsy revealed fibrinogen in the Tubular Basement Membrane and IgG in interstitial infiltrates.
- Serum magnesium levels were normal at the time of renal failure.
Findings:
- The acute renal failure was associated with specific immunological findings in the kidney.
- Presence of fibrinogen and IgG suggests an immune-mediated process contributing to kidney damage.
- Immunological activation was confirmed via fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) during renal biopsy.
Implications:
- This case suggests that cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury may involve immune-mediated mechanisms.
- Understanding these mechanisms could lead to improved monitoring and potential therapeutic strategies for kidney protection during cisplatin treatment.
- Further research is warranted to elucidate the role of fibrinogen and IgG deposition in cisplatin nephrotoxicity.