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Post-traumatic Stress Disorder

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Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric condition that arises following exposure to traumatic events such as natural disasters, forced displacement, or severe accidents. It significantly impairs individuals' ability to cope with daily activities and disrupts their emotional and psychological equilibrium.
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Emotionally traumatic events often lead to memories that are exceptionally vivid and enduring, sometimes persisting with remarkable clarity throughout an individual's life. A classic example of this phenomenon is a person who survives a car accident. Even years later, they may recall every detail of the event with startling accuracy — the screeching of the tires, the jarring impact, and the acrid smell of burning rubber. Such vividness contrasts sharply with how an individual...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2025

Use of a Psychophysiological Script-driven Imagery Experiment to Study Trauma-related Dissociation in Borderline Personality Disorder
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Are Socially Relevant Scenes Abnormally Processed in Complex Trauma-Exposed Children?

Clara Bertó1, Belén Almansa-Tomás2, Maite Ferrín3,4

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Francesc de Borja, Gandía, Spain.

Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma
|December 4, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Children exposed to complex trauma exhibit an attentional bias toward threatening social scenes, which is linked to withdrawn behaviors. This highlights the need for interventions addressing social skills and coping strategies in this vulnerable population.

Keywords:
Attentional biasChildhoodComplex traumaEmotionMaltreatment

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Area of Science:

  • Child Psychology
  • Trauma Studies
  • Cognitive Neuroscience

Background:

  • Complex trauma in children can lead to abnormal attention to social information, potentially causing behavioral issues.
  • Understanding attentional biases is crucial for addressing the social and emotional deficits in maltreated children.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate attentional biases to social scenes in children exposed to complex trauma.
  • To examine the association between these attentional biases and behavioral symptomatology.

Main Methods:

  • A visual dot-probe task was used with neutral, threatening, sad, and happy social scenes.
  • Participants included 21 children exposed to complex trauma and 24 comparable non-maltreated controls.
  • The Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) assessed behavioral symptoms.

Main Results:

  • Children exposed to complex trauma showed an attentional bias toward threatening scenes.
  • Control children exhibited an attentional bias toward sad scenes.
  • Attentional bias towards threatening scenes correlated with withdrawn symptoms in the trauma-exposed group.

Conclusions:

  • Complex trauma exposure alters attention to social threat, potentially driving maladaptive behaviors like withdrawal.
  • Interventions targeting the processing of affective information and enhancing coping strategies are recommended for children exposed to complex trauma.