Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Improving Translational Accuracy02:07

Improving Translational Accuracy

11.1K
Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...
11.1K
Associative Learning01:27

Associative Learning

404
Associative learning is a fundamental concept in behavioral psychology, wherein a connection is established between two stimuli or events, leading to a learned response. This process is critical in understanding how behaviors are acquired and modified. Conditioning, the mechanism through which associations are formed, can be divided into two main types: classical conditioning and operant conditioning, each elucidating different aspects of associative learning.
Classical conditioning, also known...
404
Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

352
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
352
Language Development01:22

Language Development

369
Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
369
Force Classification01:22

Force Classification

1.2K
Forces play a crucial role in the study of physics and engineering. They are essential in describing the motion, behavior, and equilibrium of objects in the physical world. Forces can be classified based on their origin, type, and direction of action.
Contact and non-contact forces are two of the most widely used categories of forces. As the name suggests, contact forces require physical contact between two objects to act upon each other. Examples of contact forces include frictional,...
1.2K
Per-Unit Sequence Models01:26

Per-Unit Sequence Models

75
An ideal Y-Y transformer, grounded through neutral impedances, displays per-unit sequence networks akin to those of a single-phase ideal transformer when subjected to balanced positive- or negative-sequence currents. These currents do not produce neutral currents, and their associated voltage drops.
Zero-sequence currents, which are identical in magnitude and phase, generate a neutral current, resulting in voltage drops across the neutral impedance and the low-voltage winding. If the...
75

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Evidence for progressive neurodegeneration in iatrogenic cerebral amyloid angiopathy.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same author

Machine Diagnostics and Machine Phenotyping of Migraine: A HUNT Study.

Neurology·2026
Same author

Cardiac Structure Relates to Hemorrhagic Cerebral Small Vessel Disease Phenotype.

Journal of the American Heart Association·2026
Same author

Deep generative computed perfusion-deficit mapping of ischaemic stroke.

Communications biology·2026
Same author

Environment-sensitive motion modelling in healthcare with synthetic retargeting.

Digital health·2026
Same author

Stroke Investigation Group in North and Central London (SIGNAL): cohort profile of a prospective large-scale comprehensive stroke registry.

BMJ open·2026
Same journal

Lost in translation-what is translational neuroscience research?

Brain communications·2026
Same journal

Modulating α-synuclein clearance: a comparison of high-frequency and direct current stimulation in preclinical models of Parkinson's disease.

Brain communications·2026
Same journal

The neural bases of frontotemporal dementia and primary progressive aphasia subtypes: insights from activation likelihood estimation meta-analyses of 8057 patients.

Brain communications·2026
Same journal

Beyond neurofilaments: a multidimensional blood signature for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Brain communications·2026
Same journal

Blood-based biomarker discovery in motor neuron disease using nucleic acid-linked immuno-sandwich assay.

Brain communications·2026
Same journal

Rescue of mitochondrial and neurite pathology in <i>SPG7</i> hereditary spastic paraplegia patient-derived cortical neurons.

Brain communications·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2025

Augmenting Large Language Models via Vector Embeddings to Improve Domain-Specific Responsiveness
03:14

Augmenting Large Language Models via Vector Embeddings to Improve Domain-Specific Responsiveness

Published on: December 6, 2024

594

Characterizing phonemic fluency by transfer learning with deep language models.

Joe Mole1,2, Amy Nelson2, Edgar Chan1,2

  • 1Department of Neuropsychology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London WC1N 3BG, UK.

Brain Communications
|December 4, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study analyzed word choices in phonemic fluency tests for patients with frontal lesions. Qualitative analysis and large language models revealed distinct patterns in errors and word selection, improving frontal lesion detection.

Keywords:
executive functionsfluencyfrontal lobeslanguage modellingmachine learning

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Investigating the Impact of Emotional Prosodies on Voice Recognition and Perception
05:48

Author Spotlight: Investigating the Impact of Emotional Prosodies on Voice Recognition and Perception

Published on: August 9, 2024

1.5K
Foreign Accent and Forensic Speaker Identification in Voice Lineups: The Influence of Acoustic Features Based on Prosody
09:09

Foreign Accent and Forensic Speaker Identification in Voice Lineups: The Influence of Acoustic Features Based on Prosody

Published on: September 27, 2024

460

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 9, 2025

Augmenting Large Language Models via Vector Embeddings to Improve Domain-Specific Responsiveness
03:14

Augmenting Large Language Models via Vector Embeddings to Improve Domain-Specific Responsiveness

Published on: December 6, 2024

594
Author Spotlight: Investigating the Impact of Emotional Prosodies on Voice Recognition and Perception
05:48

Author Spotlight: Investigating the Impact of Emotional Prosodies on Voice Recognition and Perception

Published on: August 9, 2024

1.5K
Foreign Accent and Forensic Speaker Identification in Voice Lineups: The Influence of Acoustic Features Based on Prosody
09:09

Foreign Accent and Forensic Speaker Identification in Voice Lineups: The Influence of Acoustic Features Based on Prosody

Published on: September 27, 2024

460

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psycholinguistics
  • Computational Linguistics

Background:

  • Phonemic fluency tasks traditionally focus on response quantity, overlooking qualitative word choice patterns.
  • Underlying neurological disorders can influence both correct and erroneous word selection in fluency tasks.
  • Previous analyses have not comprehensively examined qualitative features of phonemic fluency performance in relation to brain lesions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct the first comprehensive qualitative analysis of correct and incorrect words generated during the phonemic ('S') fluency test.
  • To investigate the utility of large language models and stochastic block modelling for analyzing word sequences in phonemic fluency.
  • To determine if deep language representations can improve the detection of frontal lesions using phonemic fluency data.

Main Methods:

  • Qualitative analysis of single words generated in the phonemic fluency task, categorizing errors, low-frequency words, and clustering/switching.
  • Stochastic block modelling of Generative Pretrained Transformer 3 (GPT-3)-based deep language representations of word sequences.
  • Predictive modelling to assess the accuracy of detecting frontal lesions using GPT-3-derived representations versus native features.

Main Results:

  • Qualitative analysis revealed lesion-specific patterns: non-lateralized frontal effects for profanities, left frontal effects for proper nouns/permutations, left posterior effects for perseverations, and left frontal effects for low-frequency correct words.
  • Large language model analysis identified five distinct communities with unique word selection patterns linked to demographic and clinical features.
  • Predictive models using GPT-3 representations demonstrated higher fidelity in predicting frontal lesions compared to models using native features.

Conclusions:

  • Phonemic fluency performance in patients with frontal lesions exhibits characteristic qualitative patterns.
  • Characterizing qualitative features of phonemic fluency using large language models and stochastic block modelling offers significant inferential and diagnostic value.
  • This approach enhances the potential of fluency tasks for detecting and understanding the impact of neurological conditions like frontal lesions.