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Permutation-Based Inference for Function-on-Scalar Regression With an Application in PET Brain Imaging.

Denise Shieh1, R Todd Ogden1

  • 1Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.

Journal of Nonparametric Statistics
|December 4, 2023
PubMed
Summary

This study used advanced imaging to analyze serotonin transporter (5-HTT) binding in the brain. Researchers found differences in binding patterns between healthy individuals and those with depression.

Keywords:
Block bootstrapFunctional ANOVAFunctional dataHomogeneityPermutation testing

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Medical Imaging
  • Biostatistics

Background:

  • Positron emission tomography (PET) is used to study protein density in the human brain.
  • Serotonin transporter (5-HTT) binding is a key area of interest in neurological research.
  • Standard PET analysis often aggregates data into predefined regions of interest.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize 5-HTT binding patterns along continuous anatomical tracts, specifically following serotonergic axons.
  • To investigate differences in these binding patterns between control subjects and patients with depression.
  • To apply novel statistical methods for analyzing functional data along a continuous tract.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized function-on-scalar regression modeling for detailed analysis of PET imaging data.
  • Employed permutation testing strategies for inference on main effects and interactions, avoiding distributional assumptions.
  • Implemented a block bootstrapping approach for assessing homogeneity in functional data.

Main Results:

  • Characterized detailed 5-HTT binding patterns along a specific continuous anatomical tract.
  • Identified differences in 5-HTT binding patterns between control and depressed patient groups.
  • Demonstrated the utility of function-on-scalar regression for tract-based analysis.

Conclusions:

  • Novel statistical approaches can effectively analyze continuous functional neuroimaging data.
  • Differences in 5-HTT binding along specific tracts may be indicative of depression.
  • This methodology offers a more granular understanding of neurochemical distribution in psychiatric disorders.