Myocarditis in SARS-CoV-2: A Meta-Analysis
Ranel Thaker1, James Faraci2, Sierra Derti1
1Internal Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Elmira, USA.
Cureus
|December 4, 2023
Summary
COVID-19 infection significantly increases myocarditis risk in unvaccinated individuals. However, COVID-19 vaccination does not show a statistically significant increased risk for myocarditis compared to the uninfected population. Further research is warranted.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Infectious Diseases
- Vaccinology
- Epidemiology
Background:
- A notable increase in cardiovascular events, including myocarditis, has been observed following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, the virus responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
- Reports indicate a rise in myocarditis cases among individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 and those who received COVID-19 mRNA vaccines, necessitating a clear understanding of the associated risks.
Purpose of the Study:
- To quantitatively assess and compare the risk of myocarditis associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection versus COVID-19 vaccination.
- To elucidate the specific risks of myocarditis in unvaccinated versus vaccinated populations in relation to COVID-19.
Main Methods:
- A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Google Scholar, and the WHO Global Literature on Coronavirus Disease.
- Relevant randomized controlled trials and cohort studies detailing myocarditis risk from SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccines were selected.
- A meta-analysis was performed using the inverse variance method with RevMan software to synthesize the compiled data.
Main Results:
- Meta-analysis revealed a significantly higher risk of myocarditis in individuals with COVID-19 infection (Risk Ratio = 5.01, 95% CI = 4.14–6.08) compared to the non-infected population.
- A significant difference in myocarditis risk was observed in those with unspecified vaccination status compared to the non-infected (Risk Ratio = 4.74, 95% CI = 2.40–9.36).
- No statistically significant difference in myocarditis risk was found between vaccinated individuals and the non-infected population (Risk Ratio = 2.55, 95% CI = 0.84–7.74).
Conclusions:
- SARS-CoV-2 infection in unvaccinated individuals is associated with a statistically significant increased risk of developing myocarditis.
- Individuals receiving the COVID-19 vaccine do not exhibit a statistically significant increased risk of myocarditis compared to the uninfected population.
- The findings underscore the importance of vaccination in mitigating the risk of myocarditis associated with COVID-19.
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