Potential of electro-sprayed purified mangiferin nanoparticles for anti-aging cosmetic applications

The fabrication of mangiferin nanoparticles using an electrospraying technique is a new and promising method for developing nanoparticles with higher efficiency and safety. This study aimed to fabricate mangiferin nanoparticles (MNPs) using cellulose acetate (CA) as a polymer at various parameters using electrospraying. Commercial mangiferin (CM) was purified from 88.46 to 95.71% by a recrystallization method to improve its purity and biological activities and remove any residue. The properties of recrystallized mangiferin (RM) were characterized using DSC, FTIR, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and HPLC. Then its biological activity and proteomics were determined. Proteomics analysis of RM showed that up-regulated proteins were involved in more biological processes than CM. MNPs were fabricated by varying the electrospraying parameters including voltage, the distance between the needle-tip-collector and flow rate. Skin permeation, release and irritation were also evaluated. The results revealed that the average particle size of the MNPs ranged between 295.47 ± 5.58 and 448.87 ± 3.00 nm, and had a smooth spherical morphology in SEM images. The MNPs also showed good potential in antioxidant and anti-aging properties. The encapsulation efficiency of MNPs was determined to be 85.31%. From skin permeation studies of CM, RM, and MNPs, the mangiferin content was found in the stratum corneum and dermis skin layers. Moreover, the MNPs solution had 23.68 ± 0.27% and 11.98 ± 0.13% of mangiferin in the stratum corneum and viable epidermis and dermis, respectively. Additionally, the irritation test by HET-CAM was mild and safe. Therefore, MNPs produced by electrospraying are a promising delivery system for cosmetic/cosmeceutical applications.