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Related Concept Videos

Development of the Heart01:27

Development of the Heart

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The development of the human heart, a crucial organ, commences from the mesoderm on the 18th or 19th day after fertilization. This process initiates in the cardiogenic area, a group of mesodermal cells at the embryo's head end, which evolves into elongated strands known as cardiogenic cords. These cords undergo a transformation to form hollow-centered endocardial tubes.
As the embryo undergoes lateral folding, these paired tubes approach each other, merging into a single primitive heart...
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Ischemic Heart Disease: Overview01:17

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Ischemic heart disease occurs when the heart's blood supply dwindles, causing an ominous lack of oxygen and nutrients. This deficiency, stemming from reduced or obstructed blood flow, spells danger, leading to heart muscle damage and dysfunction.
Atherosclerosis, the primary malefactor, orchestrates this dangerous condition. It manifests as the accumulation of fatty deposits, akin to insidious plaques, within arterial walls. As time elapses, these plaques metamorphose, hardening and...
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Heart Valves01:16

Heart Valves

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The human heart is a complex organ with an intricate system of valves that regulate blood flow. There are two main types of valves: atrioventricular (AV) valves and semilunar valves.
The AV valves prevent the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria during ventricular contraction. These valves function with the assistance of the chordae tendineae and papillary muscles. When the ventricles are relaxed, the chordae tendineae are slack, allowing blood to flow from the atria into the...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

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Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
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Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis01:30

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis

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Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe health condition in which the mean pulmonary arterial pressure increases to 25 mmHg or more, even when the body is at rest. This high pressure in the blood vessels that transport blood from the heart to the lungs can cause various symptoms, including shortness of breath, can lead to right heart failure, and significantly affect the overall quality of life.
There are various classifications for PH, each relating to different underlying causes and also...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

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Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2025

A Model of Reverse Vascular Remodeling in Pulmonary Hypertension Due to Left Heart Disease by Aortic Debanding in Rats
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Rheumatic Heart Disease in the Developing World.

Michael T Simpson1, Mateusz Kachel1, Robert C Neely2

  • 1Division of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, New York, USA.

Structural Heart : the Journal of the Heart Team
|December 4, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) persists globally despite public health efforts. Prevention and treatment strategies, including penicillin prophylaxis and surgical advancements, offer hope, but cost remains a significant barrier to scalable solutions.

Keywords:
Mitral valve repairMitral valve replacementRheumatic heart disease

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Implantation of Total Artificial Heart in Congenital Heart Disease
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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) remains a significant global health burden, particularly in endemic areas.
  • RHD is a sequela of Streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococcal [GAS]) infection in genetically susceptible individuals.
  • Current prevention strategies include GAS infection control, prompt treatment, and penicillin prophylaxis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current strategies for RHD prevention and management.
  • To highlight advancements in cardiac surgery and innovative treatment approaches for RHD.
  • To identify persistent challenges, such as cost, in addressing RHD globally.

Main Methods:

  • Review of public policy initiatives and clinical management strategies for RHD.
  • Analysis of advancements in cardiac surgical techniques and outcomes for valve repair.
  • Exploration of emerging innovative technologies for RHD treatment.

Main Results:

  • Despite interventions, RHD continues to cause substantial morbidity worldwide.
  • Cardiac surgical outcomes for RHD patients are improving, with enhanced valve repair techniques.
  • Innovations in biomaterials and transcatheter technology show promise but face cost barriers.

Conclusions:

  • Comprehensive strategies involving infection prevention, treatment, and surgical care are crucial for RHD management.
  • Continued innovation in surgical techniques and medical devices is needed to improve RHD outcomes.
  • Addressing the cost barrier is essential for the widespread implementation of effective RHD solutions.