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Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Surgical Fixation of Sternal Fractures: Preoperative Planning and a Safe Surgical Technique Using Locked Titanium Plates and Depth Limited Drilling

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Clinical Relevance of Sternal Foramina: A Morphometric Study.

A Sharma¹, R Kumar², D Borthakur³

¹Department of Anatomy, Nagaland Institute of Medical Sciences and Research (NIMSR), Kohima, India.

La Clinica Terapeutica

|December 4, 2023

Summary

Sternal foramina were found in 6.94% of adult North Indian dry sternums. Precise location data is crucial for avoiding injury during sternal puncture procedures.

Keywords:

Sternal foramen chest acupuncture sternal puncture sternum development

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Area of Science:

Anatomy
Anthropology
Medical Imaging

Background:

Sternal foramina are anatomical variations of the sternum.
Understanding their incidence and location is important for medical procedures.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine the incidence and precise location of sternal foramina in adult dry sternums of North Indian descent.
To provide reference points for sternal puncture procedures.

Main Methods:

A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 72 dry adult human sternums.
Measurements included total sternal length, distance from anatomical landmarks to the foramen, and distance from the midline.
Statistical analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel.

Main Results:

The incidence of sternal foramina was 6.94% (5 out of 72 sternums).
Mean sternal length was 127.7 ± 09 mm.
Mean distances of foramina from the suprasternal notch, sternal angle, and median plane were 118.12 ± 0.3 mm, 116.7 mm, and 2.4 mm, respectively.

Conclusions:

The incidence of sternal foramina in this North Indian population is consistent with existing literature.
Accurate knowledge of sternal foramen location is vital for preventing thoracic visceral injury during procedures like bone marrow aspiration and acupuncture.