Microbial Primer: In vivo biofilm

Area of Science:

• Microbiology
• Infectious Diseases
• Medical Research

Background:

• Biofilms, microbial communities encased in a self-produced matrix, play a significant role in persistent infections.
• Historical research, from Van Leeuwenhoek to Costerton, has progressively unveiled the importance of biofilms.
• In vivo research using patient samples and host models provides critical insights into biofilm behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive overview of biofilms and their role in infectious diseases.
• To highlight the historical progression of biofilm research.
• To discuss the challenges and future directions in studying biofilms in vivo.

Main Methods:

• Historical literature review tracing the evolution of biofilm understanding.
• Analysis of in vivo research methodologies for studying biofilms in patient samples and host models.
• Identification of current research gaps in biofilm infection dynamics.

Main Results:

• Biofilms are confirmed as a critical factor in numerous infections, with significant historical research contributions.
• In vivo studies offer valuable data on biofilm architecture, composition, and behavior.
• Replicating in vivo biofilm infections in laboratory settings presents substantial challenges.

Conclusions:

• The study of biofilms in infectious diseases is a rapidly advancing field.
• Further research is needed to address knowledge gaps concerning infection initiation, diversity, and the Infectious Microenvironment (IME).
• Understanding biofilms is essential for transforming the approach to combating biofilm-associated diseases.