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Related Concept Videos

Wood Products01:21

Wood Products

83
Wood products encompass a broad range of materials crafted from wood strands, veneers, lumber, and even waste wood-like shreds, designed for both structural and nonstructural purposes. Various specialized wood products have been developed to enhance strength, durability, and versatility in building applications.
Glue-laminated wood, often referred to as glulam, combines multiple smaller pieces of dimensional lumber using adhesives to form a single, larger piece. Cross-laminated timber consists...
83
Introduction to Wood01:19

Introduction to Wood

238
Wood, derived from trees, is a versatile and widely used construction material. Trees feature a trunk surrounded by a protective layer of dead bark. Beneath this outer layer lies the living bark, followed by the cambium, and then the sapwood which transitions into heartwood as it matures. At the center of the trunk is the pith. The age of a tree can be discerned by examining its growth rings, which are concentric bands visible in the trunk's cross-section.
The structural integrity of the...
238
Wood Panel Products01:18

Wood Panel Products

73
Wood panel products are essential materials used in construction for applications such as flooring, siding, and roofing, typically available in standard dimensions of 4 feet by 8 feet, with thicknesses varying from one-quarter of an inch to one and one-eighth inches. Among the most common types of wood panels is plywood, which is produced by gluing multiple layers of thin wood veneers under pressure. The grain of the outer veneers runs lengthwise, while the grains of the interior layers run...
73
Wood Surfacing01:14

Wood Surfacing

94
Wood surfacing is a critical finishing process designed to smoothen the wood surface, enhance its dimensional accuracy, and make handling safer. This process compensates for potential shrinkage during the seasoning phase by marginally increasing the wood dimensions before surfacing. It also helps correct some distortions that may occur as the wood dries.
The equipment used in the surfacing process is a plane equipped with rotating blades. This tool efficiently smoothens the wood surface and can...
94
Structural Properties and Dimensions of Lumber01:21

Structural Properties and Dimensions of Lumber

97
Wood's structural properties derive from fibers aligned along the tree's length, contributing significantly to its mechanical strength. Wood exhibits up to twenty times greater tensile strength along these fibers compared to across them, and generally shows better performance under compression than tension. The length of fibers varies, with hardwoods having fibers around one twenty-fifth inch long and softwoods ranging from one-eighth to one-third inch.
The strength characteristics of...
97
Softwoods and Hardwoods01:28

Softwoods and Hardwoods

168
Softwoods and hardwoods, derived from different types of trees, are distinguished by their leaf structures and cellular compositions, each serving unique purposes in construction and manufacturing. Softwoods come from cone-bearing trees with needle-like leaves and are predominantly composed of longitudinal cells called tracheids and a smaller proportion of radial cells known as rays. Due to their cellular structure, softwoods are commonly used in construction for structural frames, sheathing,...
168

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2025

Fabrication and Design of Wood-Based High-Performance Composites
08:08

Fabrication and Design of Wood-Based High-Performance Composites

Published on: November 9, 2019

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Wood-based superblack.

Bin Zhao1, Xuetong Shi2, Sergei Khakalo3,4

  • 1Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, FI-02150, Finland.

Nature Communications
|December 5, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a new superblack material from wood. This sustainable, metal-free material exhibits ultra-low light reflectance, outperforming commercial light stoppers.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Optics

Background:

  • Light's detrimental effects on optical devices necessitate materials with near-zero light reflectance (superblack).
  • Superblack materials are crucial for advancing light-centered technologies.
  • Current superblack materials often involve complex fabrication or microfabrication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a simple, robust, and sustainable superblack material using a top-down approach.
  • To investigate wood delignification and carbonization as a method for creating superblack surfaces.
  • To evaluate the performance of the wood-derived superblack material compared to existing technologies.

Main Methods:

  • A metal-free top-down strategy involving wood delignification and high-temperature carbonization (1500°C).
  • Computational methods guided the material development process.
  • Characterization of the resulting material's structure and optical properties, including reflectance across various incidence angles.

Main Results:

  • Vertically aligned carbon microfiber arrays (~100 µm thickness) were formed from subwavelength severed cells.
  • Achieved ultra-low light reflectance of 0.36%, independent of the incidence angle.
  • Demonstrated lower laser beam reflectivity compared to commercial light stoppers.

Conclusions:

  • A simple, sustainable, and robust superblack material can be fabricated from wood.
  • The material's properties are rationalized by delignification, lignin content, carbonization temperature, and wood density.
  • Wood-derived superblack material serves as a viable, mechanically robust alternative to microfabricated carbon nanotube arrays.