Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation02:53

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation

6.0K
Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
The recognition sites for Cre recombinase called LoxP...
6.0K
CRISPR01:59

CRISPR

51.7K
Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
51.7K
CRISPR and crRNAs02:53

CRISPR and crRNAs

17.0K
Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
The CRISPR-Cas system stores a copy of foreign DNA in the host genome and uses it to identify the foreign DNA upon reinfection. CRISPR-Cas has three different...
17.0K
Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

50.6K
The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
50.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Effect of plant bio-stimulants on productivity, bio-energy efficiency and profitability of a berseem-pearl millet cropping system.

Frontiers in microbiology·2026
Same author

Coevolution of plant-microbe interactions, friend-foe continuum, and microbiome engineering for a sustainable future.

Molecular plant·2026
Same author

Development of an ultra-efficient prime editing system in tomato.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

The evolving landscape of precise DNA insertion in plants.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

Chromosome architecture affects virulence and competitiveness in <i>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</i> C58.

Science advances·2025
Same author

Targets and strategies to design soybean seed composition traits.

The plant genome·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2025

Mutagenesis and Functional Selection Protocols for Directed Evolution of Proteins in E. coli
09:01

Mutagenesis and Functional Selection Protocols for Directed Evolution of Proteins in E. coli

Published on: March 16, 2011

30.6K

CRISPR base editor-based targeted random mutagenesis (BE-TRM) toolbox for directed evolution.

Rahul Mahadev Shelake1, Dibyajyoti Pramanik1, Jae-Yean Kim2

  • 1Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.

BMB Reports
|December 6, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Directed evolution (DE) using base editing-TRM (BE-TRM) tools enables efficient genetic variation in complex genomes. These advanced tools overcome previous limitations, facilitating DE in multicellular organisms for novel protein and metabolic pathway engineering.

More Related Videos

A Rapid and Facile Pipeline for Generating Genomic Point Mutants in C. elegans Using CRISPR/Cas9 Ribonucleoproteins
08:37

A Rapid and Facile Pipeline for Generating Genomic Point Mutants in C. elegans Using CRISPR/Cas9 Ribonucleoproteins

Published on: April 30, 2018

7.6K
In Vitro Directed Evolution of a Restriction Endonuclease with More Stringent Specificity
09:16

In Vitro Directed Evolution of a Restriction Endonuclease with More Stringent Specificity

Published on: March 25, 2020

7.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 9, 2025

Mutagenesis and Functional Selection Protocols for Directed Evolution of Proteins in E. coli
09:01

Mutagenesis and Functional Selection Protocols for Directed Evolution of Proteins in E. coli

Published on: March 16, 2011

30.6K
A Rapid and Facile Pipeline for Generating Genomic Point Mutants in C. elegans Using CRISPR/Cas9 Ribonucleoproteins
08:37

A Rapid and Facile Pipeline for Generating Genomic Point Mutants in C. elegans Using CRISPR/Cas9 Ribonucleoproteins

Published on: April 30, 2018

7.6K
In Vitro Directed Evolution of a Restriction Endonuclease with More Stringent Specificity
09:16

In Vitro Directed Evolution of a Restriction Endonuclease with More Stringent Specificity

Published on: March 25, 2020

7.3K

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Biotechnology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Directed evolution (DE) is crucial for generating genetic variations with improved functions.
  • Traditional DE methods were limited to simpler organisms like bacteria and yeasts.
  • Barriers such as long life cycles and low mutation rates hindered DE in multicellular organisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in base editing-TRM (BE-TRM) tools for DE.
  • To highlight the expanded scope and efficiency of BE-TRM in multicellular systems.
  • To discuss applications and future directions of BE-TRM in biological research.

Main Methods:

  • CRISPR/Cas and DNA deaminase-based tools have been developed to overcome DE limitations.
  • Base editing-TRM (BE-TRM) enables targeted base substitutions and sequence randomization.
  • Creation and screening of mutant libraries are central to the DE process.

Main Results:

  • BE-TRM tools significantly enhance the scope and efficiency of DE schemes.
  • These tools facilitate DE in the native genetic environments of multicellular organisms.
  • BE-TRM supports continuous molecular evolution for protein engineering and metabolic pathway optimization.

Conclusions:

  • BE-TRM represents a significant advancement in DE methodologies.
  • It offers a robust platform for engineering novel functions and predicting traits like antibiotic resistance.
  • Further improvements in BE-TRM tools will continue to expand their biological applications.