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Phase-locked breathing does not affect episodic visual recognition memory but does shape its corresponding ERPs.

Martin Schaefer1, Caitlin Hrysanidis2, Johan N Lundström1,3

  • 1Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

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|December 6, 2023
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Breathing route and phase do not significantly impact visual memory performance. However, breathing phase influences decision-making and brain activity, suggesting further research into respiratory effects on cognition.

Keywords:
EEGbreathing routeepisodic memoryrespirationresponse bias

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Psychophysiology

Background:

  • Breathing's influence on brain oscillations and memory is debated, with conflicting findings on nasal inhalation's effect on visual memory.
  • The impact of breathing route (nasal vs. mouth) and respiratory phase on memory performance remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of breathing route and respiratory phase on visual recognition memory (VRM) performance.
  • To examine how breathing influences electroencephalography (EEG) markers associated with memory encoding and retrieval.

Main Methods:

  • A within-subject design using a visual recognition memory (VRM) task combined with electroencephalography (EEG).
  • Stimuli presentation was phase-locked to inhalation or exhalation onset during separate nose and mouth breathing sessions.
  • EEG data analyzed for effects on memory performance (d-prime), response bias, and event-related potentials (ERPs) like the Frontal Negative Component (FN400) and Late Parietal Effect (LPE).

Main Results:

  • Neither breathing route nor breathing phase significantly affected VRM performance (d-prime).
  • Breathing phase influenced response bias, with a more conservative criterion during exhalation.
  • Breathing phase during encoding modulated the Late Parietal Effect (LPE) amplitude, while the Frontal Negative Component (FN400) and LPE during recognition showed less impact.

Conclusions:

  • Breathing route and phase do not significantly alter visual recognition memory performance.
  • Breathing phase influences cognitive processes such as decision-making and neural activity during memory encoding.
  • Further research is needed to fully understand the extent of respiratory influences on perception, cognition, and behavior.