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γ-Ray Irradiation Enables Annealing- and Light-Soaking-Free Solution Processable SnO2 Electron Transport Layer for

Hong Nhan Tran1, Chan Beom Park2, Jin Hee Lee3

  • 1Department of Physics and Energy Harvest-Storage Research Center (EHSRC), University of Ulsan, Ulsan, 44610, Republic of Korea.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
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Summary

This study introduces annealing-free tin oxide (SnO2) nanoparticles for organic solar cells (OSCs) using gamma-ray irradiation. This method enhances performance and stability, crucial for flexible electronics and roll-to-roll manufacturing.

Keywords:
organic solar cellroom temperaturetin oxideγ‐ray radiation

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Renewable Energy
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Tin oxide (SnO2) is a promising cathode buffer layer material for organic solar cells (OSCs) due to its excellent electron mobility, transparency, and stability.
  • Conventional SnO2 nanoparticle layers require high-temperature annealing (>150°C) to remove surfactants and form high-quality films, limiting their use in flexible electronics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a solution-processable and annealing-free SnO2 nanoparticle layer for OSCs.
  • To investigate the efficacy of gamma-ray irradiation as a post-treatment method for SnO2 nanoparticles.
  • To assess the impact of this treatment on OSC performance and stability, particularly for flexible applications.

Main Methods:

  • Solution-processable SnO2 nanoparticles were synthesized.
  • Gamma-ray irradiation was employed to disrupt surfactant ligand bonding on SnO2 nanoparticles, eliminating the need for thermal annealing.
  • The treated SnO2 nanoparticles (γ-SnO2) were utilized as an electron transport layer in PTB7-Th:IEICO-4F based OSCs.

Main Results:

  • The γ-SnO2 nanoparticle layer achieved comparable device efficiency to conventionally annealed SnO2 without high-temperature postannealing.
  • Gamma-ray treatment effectively removed surfactant ligands and formed high-quality thin films.
  • The γ-SnO2 treatment eliminated the light-soaking effect in the OSCs.
  • The resulting devices demonstrated enhanced stability and performance.

Conclusions:

  • Gamma-ray irradiation offers a viable, cost-effective method for preparing annealing-free SnO2 nanoparticles for OSCs.
  • This approach overcomes the temperature limitations of flexible substrates, enabling applications in flexible electronics.
  • The elimination of high-temperature annealing and the light-soaking effect makes γ-SnO2 a promising material for scalable, roll-to-roll fabricated solar cells.