Eyelid Surgery in Thyroid Eye Disease

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Endocrinology

Background:

• Thyroid eye disease (TED) is an autoimmune condition affecting the orbit and periorbital tissues.
• Eyelid abnormalities are common manifestations of TED, impacting patient quality of life.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive review of surgical management for eyelid manifestations in thyroid eye disease.
• To summarize current surgical approaches for common and rare eyelid issues in TED.

Main Methods:

• Systematic literature search of PubMed for eyelid manifestations of TED.
• Review of studies detailing surgical interventions for these conditions.
• Inclusion of author's clinical experience.

Main Results:

• Eyelid retraction is the most frequent eyelid abnormality in TED, with established surgical techniques for correction.
• Blepharoptosis, entropion, and epiblepharon are less common, often resolving spontaneously or after orbital decompression.
• Surgical intervention is frequently necessary for eyelid retraction, while other conditions may require it less often.

Conclusions:

• Eyelid retraction is the primary surgical target in TED-related eyelid pathology.
• While less common, blepharoptosis, entropion, and epiblepharon may occasionally necessitate surgical correction in TED patients.